Related papers: Thermal Energy Generation in the Earth
We study the thermal emission of photons from hot and dense strongly interacting hadronic matter at temperatures close to the expected phase transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Earlier calculations of photon radiation from ensembles…
Generation of anomalously energetic suprathermal electrons was observed in simulation of a high- voltage dc discharge with electron emission from the cathode. An electron beam produced by the emission interacts with the nonuniform plasma in…
We discuss the origin of thermal and non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters. Specifically, we present some expectations for the non-thermal emission (from radio to gamma ray wavelenghts) expected in a model in which secondary electrons…
Different mechanisms which may possibly explain existence of magnetic fields on astronomically large scales are described. A recently suggested model of magnetic fields generation slightly before hydrogen recombination is discussed in more…
Dissipative effects during neutrino decoupling in the early universe create a small backreaction on the Hubble rate, and lead to a small rise in temperature and entropy. We use a simplified thermo-hydrodynamic model, which provides a causal…
The equipartition theorem states that in equilibrium thermal energy is equally distributed among uncoupled degrees of freedom which appear quadratically in the system's Hamiltonian. However, for spatially coupled degrees of freedom --- such…
Ensembles of single-source events, produced in peripheral and central collisions and correponding respectively to quasi-projectile and quasi-fusion sources, are analyzed. After selections on fragment kinematic properties, excitation…
In clouds of suspended particles (grains, droplets, spheres, crystals, etc.), collisions electrify the particles and the clouds, producing large electric potential differences over large scales. This is seen most spectacularly in the…
The flow of a thermoelectric current through a semiconductor of submicron dimensions is analyzed. The rate of surface relaxation of the energy is assumed to be much higher than the rate of electron-electron collisions. Under these…
The possible sources of light nuclei populations observed recently below the geomagnetic cutoff by the AMS experiment are discussed in terms of nuclear processes: fragmentation of the incoming flux of cosmic helium on atmospheric nuclei,…
In solar flares, energy is released impulsively and is partly converted into thermal energy of hot plasmas and kinetic energy of accelerated nonthermal particles. Despite numerous efforts, no consensus on quantifying this energy balance has…
An overview of nuclei and anti-nuclei production with results from different experiments are discussed. The comparison of data with the thermal and coalescence models is also discussed to understand their production mechanisms in high…
A class of phenomena either not contained in the Standard Model or in its perturbative treatment (multiple W/Z production, compositeness of quarks and leptons) leads to a large energy deposition in neutrino telescopes within a rather small…
Nature produces cosmic ray particles, probably protons, with energies well above $10^{20}$ eV -- how are they produced? Where do they come from? Gamma rays with energies above $10^{13}$ eV are produced in jets of active galaxies -- are…
This chapter provides an overview of the basic concepts foundational to atmospheric physics and chemistry. We discuss the retention of atmospheres against thermal evaporation and the global energy balance of planets. We present simple…
The formation of composite particles in the electron liquid under QHE conditions discussed by Jain in generalizing Laughlins many-particle state is considered by using a model for two-dimensional guiding center configurations. Describing…
We analyze, from the thermodynamical point of view, mechanical systems in which there is production of mechanical energy due to an internal source of energy, and compare that analysis with the similar one for the "symmetric" motion which…
The second law of thermodynamics implies a relationship between the net entropy export by the Earth and its internal irreversible entropy production. The application of this constraint for the purpose of understanding Earth's climate is…
Cosmic rays reaching the atmosphere of an astrophysical object produce showers of secondary particles that may then escape into space. Here we obtain the flux of gamma rays and neutrinos of energy $E>10$ GeV emitted by the Sun, Jupiter and…
We consider various possible consequences of time-varying dark energy due to a quintessence scalar field whose energy density is partially converted to particles as the field evolves down its potential. This particle production acts as a…