Related papers: Thermal Energy Generation in the Earth
In classical thermodynamic processes the unavoidable presence of irreversibility, quantified by the entropy production, carries two energetic footprints: the reduction of extractable work from the optimal, reversible case, and the…
Ultra high energy gamma rays produce electron--positron pairs in interactions on the geomagnetic field. The pair electrons suffer magnetic bremsstrahlung and the energy of the primary gamma ray is shared by a bunch of lower energy…
Within the framework of thermofield dynamics, we construct a thermalized coherent thermal state, which is a general type of the coherent state with the thermal effects and can be presumably produced experimentally. The wavefunction and the…
We obtain new constraints for the modular energy of general states by using the monotonicity property of relative entropy. In some cases, modular energy can be related to the energy density of states and these constraints lead to…
The origin of electromagnetic momentum for general static charge-current distributions is examined. The electromagnetic momentum for static electromagnetic fields is derived by implementing conservation of momentum for the sum of mechanical…
The evaluation of the number of ways we can distribute energy among a collection of particles in a system is important in many branches of modern science. In particular, in multiparticle production processes the measurements of particle…
In this letter, we discuss generation of magnetic field from cosmological perturbations. We consider the evolution of three component plasma (electron, proton and photon) evaluating the collision term between elecrons and photons up to the…
Classical and quantum mechanics laws are rebuilt in the frame of new thermodynamics. Heat is the sum of kinetic energy, system work, and system potential of a system, while force is the heat gradients over distance. Hence, collision,…
A mechanism that explains the increase of electromagnetic (EM) perturbations during earthquakes is proposed. When earthquakes occur, surface waves propagate along the globe surface inducing a globe surface rippling, which is reproduced in…
The concept of energetic particle reservoirs, essentially based on the assumption of the presence of outer reflecting boundaries/magnetic mirrors or diffusion barriers (deterministic) rather than on the effect of particle diffusive…
The nuclear photo-emulsion technique is used to study the information carried by the medium energy nucleons produced in heavy ion collisions. Multiplicity, energies as well as the angular distribution of this type of particles are measured.…
The interaction between emerging and pre-existing magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere can trigger several dynamic phenomena, such as eruptions and jets. A key element during this interaction is the formation of large scale current…
Chemical and physical Earth models agree little as to the radioactive power of the planet. Each predicts a range of radioactive powers, overlapping slightly with the other at about 24 TW, and together spanning 14-46 TW. Approximately 20 %…
A very simplified model of the Universe is considered in order to propose an alternative approach to the irreversible evolution of the Universe at very early times. The entropy generation at the quantum stage can be thought as a consequence…
We derive the expressions for canonical energy, momentum, and angular momentum for multiple metric theories. We prove that although the metric fields are generally interacting, the total energy is the sum of conserved energies corresponding…
Magnetic reconnection is an explosive energy release event. It plays an important role in accelerating particles to high non-thermal energies. These particles often exhibit energy spectra characterized by a power-law distribution. However,…
The primary ultrahigh energy particles which produce giant extensive air showers in the Earth's atmosphere present an intriguing mystery from two points of view: (1) How are these particles produced with such astounding energies, eight…
Global warming arises from 'temperature forcing', a net imbalance between energy fluxes entering and leaving the climate system and arising within it. Humanity introduces temperature forcing through greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture,…
Entropy is generated in high-multiplying events by a dynamical separation of strongly interacting systems into partons and unobservable environment modes (almost constant field configurations) due to confinement.
The emergence of a classical spacetime from any quantum gravity model is still a subtle and only partially understood issue. If indeed spacetime is arising as some sort of large scale condensate of more fundamental objects then it is…