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Two-dimensional superconductivity has become a major frontier in condensed matter physics. It holds the key to the mechanism of high-temperature superconductors and offers an exceptional arena to stabilize emergent quantum states enabled by…
Super-resolution microscopy is crucial for imaging sub-wavelength biological structures. However, most techniques rely on nonlinear saturation or stochastic switching of emitters, limiting imaging speed and increasing phototoxicity. Here,…
Various techniques have been developed to measure the 2D and 3D positions and 2D and 3D orientations of fluorescent molecules with improved precision over standard epifluorescence microscopes. Due to the challenging signal-to-background…
Single molecule localization microscopy is a recently developed superresolution imaging technique to visualize structural properties of single cells. The basic principle consists in chemically attaching fluorescent dyes to the molecules,…
The diffraction of light imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of light microscopes. This limit can be circumvented by creating and exploiting independent behaviors of the sample at length scales below the diffraction limit. In…
Flexible and fast control of the phase and amplitude of coherent light, enabled by digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs), has been a driving force for recent advances in optical tweezers, nonlinear…
Delivering light to an object is one of the key steps in any imaging exercise. Tools such as LEDs and lasers are available to achieve this. These components are integrated into systems such as microscopy, medical imaging, remote sensing,…
Though performed almost effortlessly by humans, segmenting 2D gray-scale or color images into respective regions of interest (e.g.~background, objects, or portions of objects) constitutes one of the greatest challenges in science and…
Plasmonic hyperbolic metasurfaces have emerged as an effective platform for manipulating the propagation of light. Here, confined modes on arrays of silver nanoridges that exhibit hyperbolic dispersion are used to demonstrate and model a…
The emerging optical multiplexing within nanoscale shows super-capacity in encoding information by using the time-domain fingerprints from uniform nanoparticles. However, the optical diffraction limit compromises the decoding throughput and…
Here, we report analysis and summary of research in the field of localization microscopy for optical imaging. We introduce the basic elements of super-resolved localization microscopy methods for PALM and STORM, commonly used both in vivo…
An integrated microscope that combines different optical techniques for simultaneous imaging is demonstrated. The microscope enables spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy based on optical backscatter, and multi-photon microscopy for…
Fluorescence microscopy is indispensable in nanoscience and biological sciences. The versatility of labeling target structures with fluorescent dyes permits to visualize structure and function at a subcellular resolution with a wide field…
Single-molecule microscopy has become an indispensable tool for biochemical analysis. The capability of characterizing distinct properties of individual molecules without averaging has provided us with a different perspective for the…
Super-resolution localization microscopy is based on determining the positions of individual fluorescent markers in a sample. The major challenge in reaching an ever higher localization precision lies in the limited number of collected…
Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique providing visualization of biological structures at the molecular level in living samples. In this technique, the diffraction limit is broken by selectively…
One of the main characteristics of optical imaging systems is the spatial resolution, which is restricted by the diffraction limit to approximately half the wavelength of the incident light. Along with the recently developed classical…
Super-resolution tasks oriented to images captured in ultra-dark environments is a practical yet challenging problem that has received little attention. Due to uneven illumination and low signal-to-noise ratio in dark environments, a…
Fluorescence microscopy has enabled a dramatic development in modern biology by visualizing biological organisms with micrometer scale resolution. However, due to the diffraction limit, sub-micron/nanometer features are difficult to…
Quantum optics has driven major advances in our ability to generate and detect correlations between individual photons. Its principles are now increasingly translated into nanoscale characterization techniques, enhancing spectroscopy,…