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Most algorithms constructing bases of finite-dimensional vector spaces return basis vectors which, apart from orthogonality, do not show any special properties. While every basis is sufficient to define the vector space, not all bases are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Patrick Otto Ludl

We establish normal forms for conformal vector fields on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds in the neighborhood of a singularity. For real-analytic Lorentzian manifolds, we show that the vector field is analytically linearizable or the manifold is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-09-19 Charles Frances , Karin Melnick

In this paper we adapt the method of [P. H. Baptistelli, M. Manoel and I. O. Zeli. Normal form theory for reversible equivariant vector fields. Bull. Braz. Math. Soc., New Series 47 (2016), no. 3, 935-954] to obtain normal forms of a class…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-02-16 P. H. Baptistelli , M. Manoel , I. O. Zeli

The normal form for a system of ode's is constructed from its polynomial symmetries of the linear part of the system, which is assumed to be semi-simple. The symmetries are shown to have a simple structure such as invariant function times…

patt-sol · Physics 2009-10-28 Yuji Kodama

For every algebraically closed field $\boldsymbol k$ of characteristic different from $2$, we prove the following: (1) Generic finite dimensional (not necessarily associative) $\boldsymbol k$-algebras of a fixed dimension, considered up to…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-01-20 Vladimir L. Popov

We describe a standard form for the elements in the universal field of fractions of free associative algebras (over a commutative field). It is a special version of the normal form provided by Cohn and Reutenauer and enables the use of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-12-09 Konrad Schrempf

The question of matrix similarity is a classical one in linear algebra. For a field $\mathbb{F}$ and some positive integer $n \in \mathbb{N}$, one may consider the following problems: 1. Given two matrices $A, B \in \mathrm{GL}(n,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Alia Bonnet

In this article we classify normal forms and unfoldings of linear maps in eigenspaces of (anti)-automorphisms of order two. Our main motivation is provided by applications to linear systems of ordinary differential equations, general and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 I. Hoveijn , J. S. W. Lamb , R. M. Roberts

The Vishik's Normal Form provides a local smooth conjugation with a linear vector field for smooth vector fields near contacts with a manifold. In the present study, we focus on the analytic case. Our main result ensures that for analytic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-07-14 Matheus M. Castro , Ricardo M. Martins , Douglas D. Novaes

Matrices over the ring of formal power series are considered. Normal forms with respect to various sub-groups of the two-sided transformations are constructed. The construction is based on the special property of the action: it induces a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-04 Genrich Belitskii , Dmitry Kerner

We study normal forms for families of area-preserving maps which have a fixed point with neutral multipliers -1 or +1 at epsilon=0. Our study covers both the orientation-preserving and orientation-reversing cases. In these cases Birkhoff…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-05-14 V. Gelfreich , N. Gelfreikh

We give a self contained and elementary description of normal forms for symplectic matrices, based on geometrical considerations. The normal forms in question are expressed in terms of elementary Jordan matrices and integers with values in…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-20 Jean Gutt

We give unique analytic "normal forms" for germs of a holomorphic vector field of the complex plane in the neighborhood of an isolated singularity of saddle-node type having a convergent formal separatrix. We specifically address the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-07-29 Reinhard Schäfke , Loïc Jean Dit Teyssier

A normally regular digraph with parameters $(v,k,\lambda,\mu)$ is a directed graph on $v$ vertices whose adjacency matrix $A$ satisfies the equation $AA^t=k I+\lambda (A+A^t)+\mu(J-I-A-A^t)$. This means that every vertex has out-degree $k$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-31 Leif K Jørgensen

We discuss several aspects of the geometry of vector fields in (Poincare'-Dulac) normal form. Our discussion relies substantially on Michel theory and aims at a constructive approach to simplify the analysis of normal forms via a splitting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 Giuseppe Gaeta

In this paper we are concerned with the simplest normal form computation of a family of Hopf-zero vector fields without a first integral. This family of vector fields are the classical normal forms of a larger family of vector fields with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-09-25 Majid Gazor , Fahimeh Mokhtari , Jan A. Sanders

The problem of representing a class of maps in a form suited for application of normal form methods is revisited. It is shown that using the methods of Lie series and of Lie transform a normal form algorithm is constructed in a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-04-01 Antonio Giorgilli

Let $A$ be a square complex matrix and $z$ a complex number. The distance, with respect to the spectral norm, from $A$ to the set of matrices which have $z$ as an eigenvalue is less than or equal to the distance from $z$ to the spectrum of…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Gorka Armentia , Juan-Miguel Gracia , Francisco-Enrique Velasco

There are two ways to compute Poincar\'e-Dulac normal forms of systems of ODEs. Under the original approach used by Poincar\'e the normalizing transformation is explicitly computed. On each step, the normalizing procedure requires the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-25 Tatjana Petek , Valery G. Romanovski

Let $N$ be a Riemannian, Lorentzian or neutral $4$-dimensional space form with constant sectional curvature $L_0$. In this paper, noticing the linearly dependent condition, we obtain characterizations of space-like surfaces in $N$ with flat…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Naoya Ando , Ryusei Hatanaka
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