English
Related papers

Related papers: Zero forcing number, constrained matchings and str…

200 papers

Twisted hypercubes are graphs that generalize the structure of the hypercube by relaxing the symmetry constraint while maintaining degree-regularity and connectivity. We study the zero forcing number of twisted hypercubes. Zero forcing is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Peter Collier , Jeannette Janssen

Let $G$ be a simple and finite graph without isolated vertices. In this paper we study forcing sets (zero forcing sets) which induce a subgraph of $G$ without isolated vertices. Such a set is called a total forcing set, introduced and first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Randy Davila , Michael A. Henning

Connections between vital linkages and zero forcing are established. Specifically, the notion of a rigid linkage is introduced as a special kind of unique linkage and it is shown that spanning forcing paths of a zero forcing process form a…

We study the dynamics of systems on networks from a linear algebraic perspective. The control theoretic concept of controllability describes the set of states that can be reached for these systems. Under appropriate conditions, there is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Daniel Burgarth , Domenico D'Alessandro , Leslie Hogben , Simone Severini , Michael Young

For a graph $G$ in which vertices are either black or white, a zero forcing process is an iterative vertex color changing process such that the only white neighbor of a black vertex becomes black in the next time step. A zero forcing set is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Hau-Yi Lin , Wu-Hsiung Lin , Gerard Jennhwa Chang

A forcing set for a perfect matching of a graph is defined as a subset of the edges of that perfect matching such that there exists a unique perfect matching containing it. A complete forcing set for a graph is a subset of its edges, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Javad B. Ebrahimi , Aref Nemayande , Elahe Tohidi

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with a goal of turning all of the vertices of the graph black while having to use as few "unforced" moves as possible. This leads to a parameter known as the zero forcing number which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-21 Steve Butler , Jason Grout , H. Tracy Hall

The forcing number of a graph with a perfect matching $M$ is the minimum number of edges in $M$ whose endpoints need to be deleted, such that the remaining graph only has a single perfect matching. This number is of great interest in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Maximilian Gorsky , Fabian Kreßin

While a number of bounds are known on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ expressed in terms of the order of a graph and maximum or minimum degree, we present two bounds that are related to the (upper) total domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Boštjan Brešar , María Gracia Cornet , Tanja Dravec , Michael Henning

Given a graph $G$, the zero-forcing number of $G$, $Z(G)$, is the smallest cardinality of any set $S$ of vertices on which repeated applications of the forcing rule results in all vertices being in $S$. The forcing rule is: if a vertex $v$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Luis Gomez , Karla Rubi , Jorden Terrazas , Darren A. Narayan

The \emph{zero forcing number} $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ of black vertices (whereas vertices in $V(G)\setminusS$ are colored white) such that $V(G)$ is turned black after finitely many applications of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-20 Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

This paper presents new results and reinterpretation of existing conditions for strong structural controllability in a structured network determined by the zero/non-zero patterns of edges. For diffusively-coupled networks with self-loops,…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Nam-Jin Park , Seong-Ho Kwon , Yoo-Bin Bae , Byeong-Yeon Kim , Kevin L. Moore , Hyo-Sung Ahn

It is known that the zero forcing number of a graph is an upper bound for the maximum nullity of the graph. In this paper, we search for characteristics of a graph that guarantee the maximum nullity of the graph and the zero forcing number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Derek Young

The study of power domination in graphs arises from the problem of placing a minimum number of measurement devices in an electrical network while monitoring the entire network. A power dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Boris Brimkov , Derek Mikesell , Logan Smith

Zero forcing is a process that models the spread of information throughout a graph as white vertices are forced to turn blue using a color change rule. The idea of throttling, introduced in 2013 by Butler and Young, is to optimize the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jurgen Kritschgau , Josh Carlson

Given a graph $G$, one may ask: "What sets of eigenvalues are possible over all weighted adjacency matrices of $G$?" (The weight of an edge is positive or negative, while the diagonal entries can be any real numbers.) This is known as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Franklin H. j. Kenter , Jephian C. -H. Lin

Zero forcing is a graph propagation process for which vertices fill-in (or propagate information to) neighbor vertices if all neighbors except for one, are filled. The zero-forcing number is the smallest number of vertices that must be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Heather LeClair , Tim Spilde , Sarah Anderson , Brenda Kroschel

We study the strong structural controllability (SSC) of diffusively coupled networks, where the external control inputs are injected to only some nodes, namely the leaders. For such systems, one measure of controllability is the dimension…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Yasin Yazicioglu , Mudassir Shabbir , Waseem Abbas , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Zero forcing is a process on a graph that colors vertices blue by starting with some of the vertices blue and applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the size of the initial blue vertex set and the number of the time…

Given a graph $G$ and a real number $0\le p\le 1$, we define the random set $B_p(G)\subset V(G)$ by including each vertex independently and with probability $p$. We investigate the probability that the random set $B_p(G)$ is a zero forcing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Bryan Curtis , Luyining Gan , Jamie Haddock , Rachel Lawrence , Sam Spiro