Related papers: Femtosecond electrons probing currents and atomic …
Conduction electrons in metallic nano-objects ($\rm 1\,nm = 10^{-9}\, m$) behave as mobile negative charges confined by a fixed positively-charged background, the atomic ions. In many respects, this electron gas displays typical plasma…
The use of structured ultrashort pulses with coupled spatiotemporal properties is emerging as a key tool for ultrafast manipulation. Ultrafast vector beams are opening exciting opportunities in different fields such as microscopy,…
We report measurements of the non-equilibrium electron energy distribution in carbon nanotubes. Using tunneling spectroscopy via a superconducting probe, we study the shape of the local electron distribution functions, and hence energy…
We demonstrate a novel method to measure the temporal evolution of electric fields with optical frequencies. Our technique is based on the detection of transient currents in air plasma. These directional currents result from sub-cycle…
Interactions of relativistically intense laser pulses with structured targets have long been explored for controlling energy absorption and particle acceleration. However, at upcoming multi-petawatt laser facilities, the survivability of…
The basic properties of atoms, molecules and solids are governed by electron dynamics which take place on extremely short time scales. To measure and control these dynamics therefore requires ultrafast sources of radiation combined with…
Time-resolved investigations of ultrafast electronic and molecular dynamics were not possible until recently. The typical time scale of these processes is in the picosecond to attosecond realm. The tremendous technological progress in…
Understanding the electron dynamics and transport in metallic and semiconductor nanostructures -- such as metallic nanoparticles, thin films, quantum wells and quantum dots -- represents a considerable challenge for today's condensed matter…
Femtosecond high-intensity laser pulses at intensities surpassing $10^{14} \,\text{W}/\text{cm}^2$ can generate a diverse range of functional surface nanostructures. Achieving precise control over the production of these functional…
Relativistic interaction of short-pulse lasers with underdense plasmas has recently led to the emergence of a novel generation of femtosecond x-ray sources. Based on radiation from electrons accelerated in plasma, these sources have the…
X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) deliver X-ray pulses with a coherent flux that is approximately eight orders of magnitude greater than that available from a modern third generation synchrotron source. The power density in an XFEL pulse…
Stroboscopic nanoscale imaging with free electron laser light is revolutionizing our understanding of fast dynamics in heterogeneous systems. The short wavelength of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation makes it possible to achieve…
We perform a frequency-resolved analysis of electron dynamics in solids to obtain microscopic insight into linear and nonlinear optical phenomena. For the analysis, we first compute the electron dynamics under optical electric fields and…
Understanding structure at the atomic scale is fundamental for the development of materials with improved properties. Compared to other probes providing atomic resolution, electrons offer the strongest interaction in combination with…
Ultrafast electron dynamics of solids after an absorption of femtosecond laser pulse is governed by electron-electron, electron-phonon, phonon-electron, and phonon-phonon collisions. It is of importance to construct a framework for…
The structures, as building-blocks for designing functional nanomaterials, have fueled the development of versatile nanoprobes to understand local structures of noncrystalline specimens. Progresses in analyzing structures of individual…
The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in solids plays a pivotal role in emerging optoelectronics, photonics, energy harvesting, and quantum technology applications. However, the investigation and direct visualization of such…
The quantum mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires the generation of laser pulses shorter than 1 fs and of…
We utilize coherent femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses derived from a free electron laser (FEL) to generate transient periodic magnetization patterns with periods as short as 44 nm. Combining spatially periodic excitation with…
The process of nonlinear electron emission from a metal surface under the action of femtosecond laser pulse with moderate intensity $\sim10^{11}$~W/cm$^2$ is considered. One-dimensional model is formulated, taking into account the advantage…