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We construct a general framework for tropical differential equations based on idempotent semirings and an idempotent version of differential algebra. Over a differential ring equipped with a non-archimedean norm enhanced with additional…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Jeffrey Giansiracusa , Stefano Mereta

Consider a pair consisting of an abstract tropical curve and an effective divisor from the linear system associated to $k$ times the canonical divisor for $k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}$. In this article we give a purely combinatorial criterion…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Felix Röhrle , Johannes Schwab

This paper addresses biquadratic polynomial programming (BPP), an NP-hard optimization problem closely related to biquadratic tensors. We first establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for the positive semi-definiteness and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Haibin Chen , Yixuan Chen , Liqun Qi

Tropical geometry is a degeneration of classical geometry which loose the property of unique factorization for polynomials. In this paper we explore a structure that is known to be a semi-degeneration between the classical algebra and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-03 Erez Sheiner

The theory of imprecise Markov chains has achieved significant progress in recent years. Its applicability, however, is still very much limited, due in large part to the lack of efficient computational methods for calculating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-30 Damjan Škulj

In this paper we study a construction of algebraic curves from combinatorial data. In the study of algebraic curves through degeneration, graphs usually appear as the dual intersection graph of the central fiber. Properties of such graphs…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-03 Takeo Nishinou

We define scrollar invariants of tropical curves with a fixed divisor of rank 1. We examine the behavior of scrollar invariants under specialization, and provide an algorithm for computing these invariants for a much-studied family of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-24 David Jensen , Kalila Lehmann

We construct in this article an explicit geometric rough path over arbitrary $d$-dimensional paths with finite $1/\alpha$-variation for any $\alpha\in(0,1)$. The method may be coined as 'Fourier normal ordering', since it consists in a…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-13 J. Unterberger

The first secant variety of a projective monomial curve is a threefold with an action by a one-dimensional torus. Its tropicalization is a three-dimensional fan with a one-dimensional lineality space, so the tropical threefold is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-09-13 Maria Angelica Cueto , Shaowei Lin

Already for bivariate tropical polynomials, factorization is an NP-Complete problem. In this paper, we give an efficient algorithm for factorization and rational factorization of a rich class of tropical polynomials in $n$ variables.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Bo Lin , Ngoc Mai Tran

We consider the metric space of all toric K\"ahler metrics on a compact toric manifold; when "looking at it from infinity" (following Gromov), we obtain the tangent cone at infinity, which is parametrized by equivalence classes of complete…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Thomas Baier , Carlos Florentino , José M. Mourão , João P. Nunes

Tropical differential equations are introduced and an algorithm is designed which tests solvability of a system of tropical linear differential equations within the complexity polynomial in the size of the system and in its coefficients.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Dima Grigoriev

We develop the fundamentals of a new theory of convex geometry -- which we call "broken line convex geometry". This is a theory of convexity where the ambient space is the rational tropicalization of a cluster variety, as opposed to an…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Juan Bosco Frías-Medina , Timothy Magee

In this paper we consider global $\theta$-curvatures of finite Markov chains with associated means $\theta$ in the spirit of the entropic curvature (based on the logarithmic mean) by Erbar-Maas and Mielke. As in the case of Bakry-\'Emery…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Supanat Kamtue , Shiping Liu , Florentin Münch , Norbert Peyerimhoff

This paper is a follow-up of a previous work in which we show that, for a $3$-edge connected tropical curve $\Gamma$, the existence of a divisor of degree $3$ and Baker-Norine rank at least $1$ in $\Gamma$ is equivalent to the existence of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Margarida Melo , Angelina Zheng

Let E be a plane in an algebraic torus over an algebraically closed field. Given a balanced 1-dimensional fan C in the tropicalization of E, i.e. in the Bergman fan of the corresponding matroid, we give a complete algorithmic answer to the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-07-23 Andreas Gathmann , Kirsten Schmitz , Anna Lena Winstel

Recent advancements in quantum computing and quantum-inspired algorithms have sparked renewed interest in binary optimization. These hardware and software innovations promise to revolutionize solution times for complex problems. In this…

Pearl's Causal Hierarchy (PCH) is a central framework for reasoning about probabilistic, interventional, and counterfactual statements, yet the satisfiability problem for PCH formulas is computationally intractable in almost all classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Robert Ganian , Marlene Gründel , Simon Wietheger

An old conjecture of Bollob\'as and Scott asserts that every Eulerian directed graph with average degree $d$ contains a directed cycle of length at least $\Omega(d)$. The best known lower bound for this problem is $\Omega(d^{1/2})$ by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Oliver Janzer , Benny Sudakov , István Tomon

Classical (maximal) superintegrable systems in $n$ dimensions are Hamiltonian systems with $2n-1$ independent constants of the motion, globally defined, the maximum number possible. They are very special because they can be solved…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-11-04 Yuxuan Chen , Ernie G. Kalnins , Qiushi Li , Willard Miller