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In the context of event-by-event hydrodynamic description, we analyze the implications of two models characterized by distinct initial conditions. The initial energy density of the first model adopts a Gaussian-type distribution, while…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-02 Dan Wen , Kai Lin , Wei-Liang Qian , Bin Wang , Yogiro Hama , Takeshi Kodama

A new class of accelerating, exact, explicit and simple solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics is presented. Since these new solutions yield a finite rapidity distribution, they lead to an advanced estimate of the initial energy density…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-08-04 T. Csorgo , M. I. Nagy , M. Csanad

We simulate the dynamics of Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) with a hybrid model that treats the dense early quark-gluon plasma (QGP) stage macroscopically as an ideal fluid, but models the dilute late hadron…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Tetsufumi Hirano , Ulrich W. Heinz , Dmitri Kharzeev , Roy Lacey , Yasushi Nara

We propose a differential hydrodynamic response relation, $V_2(\zeta)=\int d\xi G(\zeta-\xi) \mathcal{E}_2(\xi)$, to describe the formation of a pseudorapidity dependent elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions, in response to a fluctuating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-31 Hui Li , Li Yan

Deuterons with different polarization states have distinct shapes for their wavefunctions. This offers a unique opportunity to experimentally control the initial-state collision geometry with the polarization of the light-ion targets in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Heikki Mäntysaari , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen , Wenbin Zhao

I review recent measurements of a large set of flow observables associated with event-shape fluctuations and collective expansion in heavy ion collisions. First, these flow observables are classified and experiment methods are introduced.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-22 Jiangyong Jia

Higher order cumulants between the mean transverse momentum and elliptic flow are calculated in a relativistic viscous hydrodynamic model of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The results of the hydrodynamic simulations are compared with…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-27 Tribhuban Parida , Piotr Bożek

Fluid polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous fluid states in a single-component system, has been observed or predicted in a variety of substances. A remarkable example of this phenomenon is the fluid-fluid phase transition in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-21 Nathaniel R. Fried , Thomas J. Longo , Mikhail A. Anisimov

Current status of dynamical modeling of relativistic heavy ion collisions and hydrodynamic description of the quark gluon plasma is reported. We find the hadronic rescattering effect plays an important role in interpretation of mass…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-01-15 Tetsufumi Hirano

The collective flow provides valuable insights into the anisotropic expansion of particles produced in heavy-ion collisions and is sensitive to the equation of the state of nuclear matter in high-baryon-density regions. In this paper, we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-24 Shaowei Lan , Zuowen Liu , Like Liu , Shusu Shi

Hydrodynamic approaches to modeling relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions are based on the conservation of energy and momentum. However, the medium formed in these collisions also carries additional conserved quantities, including…

We present event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic calculations of the anisotropic flow coefficients v_2 to v_5 for heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). We study the dependence of different flow harmonics on shear…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-30 Bjoern Schenke , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

Within hydrodynamics we study the effects of the initial spatial anisotropy in non-central heavy-ion collisions on the momentum distributions of the emitted hadrons. We show that the elliptic flow measured at midrapidity in 158 A GeV/c…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

Hydrodynamics merged with single-freeze-out statistical hadronization is used to describe the midrapidity hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the highest RHIC energies and to make predictions for the LHC. Thermodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mikolaj Chojnacki , Wojciech Florkowski , Wojciech Broniowski , Adam Kisiel

The modified number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling $v_{n}/n_{q}^{n/2} \sim KE_{T}/n_{q}$ for mesons and baryons and the scaling relation $v_{n} \sim v_{2}^{n/2}$ for higher-order anisotropic flows, which were observed experimentally,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-02-10 Chun-Jian Zhang , Jun Xu

Using a hydrodynamical model we study how the order of phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter affects single particle spectra, elliptic flow and higher order anisotropies in Au+Au collisions at RHIC…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Huovinen

Recent observations of long-range multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p--Pb and high multiplicity pp collisions provided new insights into collision dynamics and opened a possibility to study collective effects in these small systems.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-02-07 Vojtěch Pacík

Anisotropic flow of hadronic matter is considered as a sensitive tool to detect the early stage dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Taking the event by event fluctuations of the collision geometry into account, the elliptic flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-04-17 Soumya Sarkar , Provash Mali , Amitabha Mukhopadhyay

We present a systematic hydrodynamic study of the evolution of hadron spectra and their azimuthal anisotropy from the lowest collision energy studied at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), sqrt(s) = 7.7 A GeV, to the highest energy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-14 Chun Shen , Ulrich Heinz

The first results from heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider for charged particle spectra and elliptic flow are compared to an event-by-event hybrid approach with an ideal hydrodynamic expansion. This approach has been shown to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Hannah Petersen