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Given a graph $G$ of order $n$, the $\sigma$-$polynomial$ of $G$ is the generating function $\sigma(G,x) = \sum a_{i}x^{i}$ where $a_{i}$ is the number of partitions of the vertex set of $G$ into $i$ nonempty independent sets. Such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-29 Jason Brown , Aysel Erey

We consider the class of all homogeneous, possibly non-reduced, polynomials $f$ whose associated reduced projective divisor $D_{\text{red}} \subset \mathbb{P}^{n-1}$ has (at worst) quasi-homogeneous isolated singularities. In an arbitrary…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Daniel Bath , Willem Veys

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful machine learning models for various graph learning tasks. Recently, the limitations of the expressive power of various GNN models have been revealed. For example, GNNs cannot distinguish some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

In this paper, we first consider the graph of $(F_1,F_{2},\cdots,F_{n})$ on $\overline{\mathbb{D}}^{n},$ where $F_{j}(z)=\bar{z}^{m_{j}}_{j}+R_{j}(z),j=1,2,\cdots,n,$ which has non-isolated CR-singularities if $m_{j}>1$ for some…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2022-10-14 Golam Mostafa Mondal

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. The domination polynomial of $G$ is the polynomial $D(G, x)=\sum_{i=1}^n d(G,i) x^i$, where $d(G,i)$ is the number of dominating sets of $G$ of size $i$. The $n$-barbell graph $Bar_n$ with $2n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Somayeh Jahari , Saeid Alikhani

Connections between structural graph theory and finite model theory recently gained a lot of attention. In this setting, many interesting questions remain on the properties of dependent (NIP) hereditary classes of graphs, in particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Hector Buffière , Patrice Ossona de Mendez

A graph property P is strongly testable if for every fixed \epsilon>0 there is a one-sided \epsilon-tester for P whose query complexity is bounded by a function of \epsilon. In classifying the strongly testable graph properties, the first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-14 Noga Alon , Jacob Fox

We introduce the set $\mathcal{G}^{\rm SSP}$ of all simple graphs $G$ with the property that each symmetric matrix corresponding to a graph $G \in \mathcal{G}^{\rm SSP}$ has the strong spectral property. We find several families of graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-21 Jephian C. -H. Lin , Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

A graph $G$ is semilinear of complexity $t$ if the vertices of $G$ are elements of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ for some $d\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}$, and the edges of $G$ are defined by the sign patterns of $t$ linear functions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-25 István Tomon

We analyse the power of graph neural networks (GNNs) in terms of Boolean circuit complexity and descriptive complexity. We prove that the graph queries that can be computed by a polynomial-size bounded-depth family of GNNs are exactly those…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Martin Grohe

The $k$-independence number of a graph is the maximum size of a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than $k$. A graph is called $k$-partially walk-regular if the number of closed walks of a given length $l\le k$, rooted at a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-26 M. A. Fiol

New and old results on closed polynomials, i.e., such polynomials f in K[x_1,...,x_n] that the subalgebra K[f] is integrally closed in K[x_1,...,x_n], are collected. Using some properties of closed polynomials we prove the following…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2009-08-22 Ivan V. Arzhantsev , Anatoliy P. Petravchuk

In the present paper we show a dichotomy theorem for the complexity of polynomial evaluation. We associate to each graph H a polynomial that encodes all graphs of a fixed size homomorphic to H. We show that this family is computable by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-30 Nicolas de Rugy-Altherre

We prove a conjecture of Bonamy, Bousquet, Pilipczuk, Rz\k{a}\.zewski, Thomass\'e, and Walczak, that for every graph $H$, there is a polynomial $p$ such that for every positive integer $s$, every graph of average degree at least $p(s)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-30 Romain Bourneuf , Matija Bucić , Linda Cook , James Davies

In this note, we show how to obtain a "characteristic power series" of graphons -- infinite limits of dense graphs -- as the limit of normalized reciprocal characteristic polynomials. This leads to a new characterization of graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Joshua N. Cooper

A graph $H$ is called common and respectively, strongly common if the number of monochromatic copies of $H$ in a 2-edge-coloring $\phi$ of a large clique is asymptotically minimised by the random coloring with an equal proportion of each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Hao Chen , Jie Ma

The current work is motivated by the papers $[B_3]$, $[B_6]$, $[Be]$, $[Be-Tu]$. In particular, using Theorem 3.7 of $[B_3]$ and methods developed in this paper, the spectral and strong homology groups of continuous maps were defined and…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-05-09 Anzor Beridze , Vladimer Baladze

Let $\Gamma$ be the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface of genus at least two. Consider the composition of a uniformly random element of $\mathrm{Hom}(\Gamma,S_n)$ with the $(n-1)$-dimensional irreducible representation of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Michael Magee , Doron Puder , Ramon van Handel

Graph polynomials are polynomials assigned to graphs. Interestingly, they also arise in many areas outside graph theory as well. Many properties of graph polynomials have been widely studied. In this paper, we survey some results on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Xueliang Li , Yongtang Shi

In this paper, we construct a family of quasi-strongly regular Cayley graphs $\Gamma_H(G)$ which is defined on a finite group $G$ with respect to a subgroup $H$ of $G$. We also compute its full automorphism group and characterize various…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Sucharita Biswas , Angsuman Das