English
Related papers

Related papers: Exact Probability Distribution versus Entropy

200 papers

Probabilistic word embeddings have shown effectiveness in capturing notions of generality and entailment, but there is very little work on doing the analogous type of investigation for sentences. In this paper we define probabilistic models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Mingda Chen , Kevin Gimpel

We design, implement and test a simple algorithm which computes the approximate entropy of a finite binary string of arbitrary length. The algorithm uses a weighted average of the Shannon Entropies of the string and all but the last binary…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Grenville J. Croll

The problem of guessing subject to distortion is considered, and the performance of randomized guessing strategies is investigated. A one-shot achievability bound on the guessing moment (i.e., moment of the number of required queries) is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Shigeaki Kuzuoka

We study the approximability of instances of the minimum entropy set cover problem, parameterized by the average frequency of a random element in the covering sets. We analyze an algorithm combining a greedy approach with another one biased…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-01 Cosmin Bonchis , Gabriel Istrate

We compared entropy for texts written in natural languages (English, Spanish) and artificial languages (computer software) based on a simple expression for the entropy as a function of message length and specific word diversity. Code text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-03 Gerardo Febres , Klaus Jaffe , Carlos Gershenson

We apply a common measure of randomness, the entropy, in the context of iterated functions on a finite set with n elements. For a permutation, it turns out that this entropy is asymptotically (for a growing number of iterations) close to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-20 Joachim von zur Gathen

For any infinite word $w$ on a finite alphabet $A$, the complexity function $p_w$ of $w$ is the sequence counting, for each non-negative $n$, the number $p_w(n)$ of words of length $n$ on the alphabet $A$ that are factors of the infinite…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Carlos Gustavo Moreira , Christian Mauduit , Sébastien Ferenczi

We seek an entropy estimator for discrete distributions with fully empirical accuracy bounds. As stated, this goal is infeasible without some prior assumptions on the distribution. We discover that a certain information moment assumption…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Doron Cohen , Aryeh Kontorovich , Aaron Koolyk , Geoffrey Wolfer

Text compression schemes and compact data structures usually combine sophisticated probability models with basic coding methods whose average codeword length closely match the entropy of known distributions. In the frequent case where basic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-02 N. Jesper Larsson

In many high-impact applications, it is important to ensure the quality of output of a machine learning algorithm as well as its reliability in comparison with the complexity of the algorithm used. In this paper, we have initiated a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Katarina Doctor , Tong Mao , Hrushikesh Mhaskar

We resolve a long-standing open question, about the existence of a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the average-case \textsc{Decision Tree} problem with uniform probability distribution over the hypotheses. We answer the question…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Michał Szyfelbein

The frequency of the preferred order for a noun phrase formed by demonstrative, numeral, adjective and noun has received significant attention over the last two decades. We investigate the actual distribution of the 24 possible orders.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

Ochem, Rampersad, and Shallit gave various examples of infinite words avoiding what they called approximate repetitions. An approximate repetition is a factor of the form xx', where x and x' are close to being identical. In their work, they…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Serina Camungol , Narad Rampersad

The surge in digitized text data requires reliable inferential methods on observed textual patterns. This article proposes a novel two-sample text test for comparing similarity between two groups of documents. The hypothesis is whether the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-09 Jingbin Xu , Chen Qian , Meimei Liu , Feng Guo

Written language is complex. A written text can be considered an attempt to convey a meaningful message which ends up being constrained by language rules, context dependence and highly redundant in its use of resources. Despite all these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-20 E. Estevez-Rams , A. Mesa Rodriguez , D. Estevez-Moya

Given a random text over a finite alphabet, we study the frequencies at which fixed-length words occur as subsequences. As the data size grows, the joint distribution of word counts exhibits a rich asymptotic structure. We investigate all…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Chaim Even-Zohar , Tsviqa Lakrec , Ran J. Tessler

The rate of occurrence of words is not uniform but varies from document to document. Despite this observation, parameters for conventional n-gram language models are usually derived using the assumption of a constant word rate. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yoshihiko Gotoh , Steve Renals

We consider the classical problem of discrete distribution estimation using i.i.d. samples in a novel scenario where additional side information is available on the distribution. In large alphabet datasets such as text corpora, such side…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haricharan Balasundaram , Andrew Thangaraj

We describe and experimentally evaluate a method for automatically clustering words according to their distribution in particular syntactic contexts. Deterministic annealing is used to find lowest distortion sets of clusters. As the…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Fernando Pereira , Naftali Tishby , Lillian Lee

The principle of maximum entropy provides a useful method for inferring statistical mechanics models from observations in correlated systems, and is widely used in a variety of fields where accurate data are available. While the assumptions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-02 Ulisse Ferrari , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Thierry Mora