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These notes offer a unified introduction to spectral methods for the study of complex systems. They are intended as an operative manual rather than a theorem-proof textbook: the emphasis is on tools, identities, and perspectives that can be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-10 Francesco Caravelli

For bound states of atoms and molecules of $N$ electrons we consider the corresponding $K$-particle reduced density matrices, $\Gamma^{(K)}$, for $1 \le K \le N-1$. Previously, eigenvalue bounds were obtained in the case of $K=1$ and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Peter Hearnshaw

Let $\mu$ be a probability measure with an infinite compact support on $\mathbb{R}$. Let us further assume that $(F_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ is a sequence of orthogonal polynomials for $\mu$ where $(f_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ is a sequence of nonlinear…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Gökalp Alpan

Let $G$ be a connected graph with order $n$ and size $m$. Let $D(G)$ and $Tr(G)$ be the distance matrix and diagonal matrix with vertex transmissions of $G$, respectively. For any real $\alpha\in[0,1]$, the generalized distance matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Zengzhao Xu , Weige Xi , Ligong Wang

We extend the results of Zhang et al. to show that $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of a $k$-uniform hypertree $(k \geq 3)$ if and only if it is a root of a particular matching polynomial for a connected induced subtree. We then use this to…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-07 Gregory J. Clark , Joshua Cooper

Given an input matrix polynomial whose coefficients are floating point numbers, we consider the problem of finding the nearest matrix polynomial which has rank at most a specified value. This generalizes the problem of finding a nearest…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Mark Giesbrecht , Joseph Haraldson , George Labahn

Given a normal matrix $A$ and an arbitrary square matrix $B$ (not necessarily of the same size), what relationships between $A$ and $B$, if any, guarantee that $B$ is also a normal matrix? We provide an answer to this question in terms of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Cara D. Brooks , Alberto A. Condori

A threshold graph G on n vertices is defined by binary sequence of length n. In this paper we present an explicit formula for computing the distance characteristic polynomial of a threshold graph from its binary sequence. As application, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Joao Lazzarin , Oscar F. Marquez , Fernando C. Tura

Consider a square random matrix with independent and identically distributed entries of mean zero and unit variance. We show that as the dimension tends to infinity, the spectral radius is equivalent to the square root of the dimension in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Charles Bordenave , Djalil Chafaï , David García-Zelada

We define a (pseudo-)distance between graphs based on the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian, which is easy to compute or to estimate numerically. It can therefore serve as a rough classification of large empirical graphs into families…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Jiao Gu , Jürgen Jost , Shiping Liu , Peter F. Stadler

We study the gaps between consecutive singular values of random rectangular matrices. Specifically, if $M$ is an $n \times p$ random matrix with independent and identically distributed entries and $\Sigma$ is a $n \times n$ deterministic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Nicholas Christoffersen , Kyle Luh , Sean O'Rourke , Calum Shearer

We study the complexity of approximating the independent set polynomial $Z_G(\lambda)$ of a graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta$ when the activity $\lambda$ is a complex number. This problem is already well understood when $\lambda$ is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ivona Bezakova , Andreas Galanis , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Daniel Stefankovic

In this note we apply a spectral method to the graph of alternating bilinear forms. In this way, we obtain upper bounds on the size of an alternating rank-metric code for given values of the minimum rank distance. We computationally compare…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-16 Aida Abiad , Gianira N. Alfarano , Alberto Ravagnani

The purpose of this paper is to show how Gelfand's formula and balancing can be used to improve the upper and lower bounds of the spectrum of a companion matrix associated with a given real or complex polynomial. Examples and other related…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Frank J. Hall , Rachid M. Marsli , Rachid M. Marsli

The spectral radius {\rho}(G) of a digraph G is the maximum modulus of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We present bounds on {\rho}(G) that are often tighter and are applicable to a larger class of digraphs than previously reported…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-10 Brian K. Butler , Paul H. Siegel

In this paper, we study the relative perturbation bounds for joint eigenvalues of commuting tuples of normal $n \times n$ matrices. Some Hoffman-Wielandt type relative perturbation bounds are proved using the Clifford algebra technique. A…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-17 Arnab Patra , P. D. Srivstava

We introduce a remarkable new family of norms on the space of $n \times n$ complex matrices. These norms arise from the combinatorial properties of symmetric functions, and their construction and validation involve probability theory,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-23 Konrad Aguilar , Ángel Chávez , Stephan Ramon Garcia , Jurij Volčič

While semidefinite programming (SDP) problems are polynomially solvable in theory, it is often difficult to solve large SDP instances in practice. One technique to address this issue is to relax the global positive-semidefiniteness (PSD)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-11 Grigoriy Blekherman , Santanu S. Dey , Marco Molinaro , Shengding Sun

For a fixed quadratic polynomial $\mathfrak{p}$ in $n$ non-commuting variables, and $n$ independent $N\times N$ complex Ginibre matrices $X_1^N,\dots, X_n^N$, we establish the convergence of the empirical spectral distribution of $P^N…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Nicholas A. Cook , Alice Guionnet , Jonathan Husson

We give an optimal upper bound for the maximum-norm distance from a vertex of a knapsack polyhedron to its nearest feasible lattice point. In a randomised setting, we show that the upper bound can be significantly improved on average. As a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-15 Iskander Aliev , Martin Henk , Timm Oertel