Related papers: How Do You Measure Primality?
A factorization of an element $x$ in a monoid $(M, \cdot)$ is an expression of the form $x = u_1^{z_1} \cdots u_k^{z_k}$ for irreducible elements $u_1, \ldots, u_k \in M$, and the length of such a factorization is $z_1 + \cdots + z_k$. We…
Using the known duality between events and states, we establish the fact that there is a duality between quantization of events and measurement of states. With this duality, we will show a generalized system of imprimitivity and a covariant…
In this note we extend results of Olli concerning limits of point measures arising from substitutions. We consider a general primitive substitution on a finite polygon set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and show that limits of certain atomic measures…
The quantum modular invariant of a real number is defined as a discontinuous, PGL(2,Z)-invariant multi-valued map using the distance-to-the-nearest-integer function. On the rationals, the quantum modular invariant is shown to be infinity…
We carry out a detailed investigation of congruence half-factorial Krull monoids with finite cyclic class group and related problems. Specifically, we determine precisely all relatively large values that can occur as a minimal distance of a…
A factorization of a permutation into transpositions is called "primitive" if its factors are weakly ordered. We discuss the problem of enumerating primitive factorizations of permutations, and its place in the hierarchy of previously…
The concentration of measure prenomenon roughly states that, if a set $A$ in a product $\Omega^N$ of probability spaces has measure at least one half, ``most'' of the points of $\Omega^N$ are ``close'' to $A$. We proceed to a systematic…
In the first part of this paper, we establish a variation of a recent result by Bienvenu and Geroldinger on the (almost) non-existence of absolute irreducibles in (restricted) power monoids of numerical monoids: we argue the (almost)…
The Brauer monoid is studied by the notion of 0-cohomology. We investigate the impact of invertible elements of modifications on the structure of the Brauer monoid, especially for finite fields.
We study a generalisation of the quality of an ABC triple that we call the weighted average multiplicity (WAM), in which the logarithmic heights of prime factors are raised to a complex exponent s. The WAM is connected to the standard ABC…
The concept of a modular value of an observable of a pre- and post-selected quantum system is introduced. It is similar in form and in some cases has a close connection to the weak value of an observable, but instead of describing an…
In 1977, the first author observed a duality between the largest and smallest prime factors of integers, and established as a consequence some new results on the M\"obius function $\mu(n)$ using the Prime Number Theorem for Arithmetic…
This essay argues that when measurement processes involve energies of the order of the Planck scale, the fundamental assumption of locality may no longer be a good approximation. Idealized position measurements of two distinguishable…
Measurement is an important scientific activity. In most of science, including classical physics, is may be understood as a way of finding out about the physical world and representing the results numerically. No-go theorems show that…
In an atomic, cancellative, commutative monoid $S$, the elasticity of an element provides a coarse measure of its non-unique factorizations by comparing the largest and smallest values in its set of factorization lengths (called its length…
Astronomical observations have a unique ability to determine the laws of physics at distant times in the universe. They, therefore, have particular relevance in answering the basic question as to whether the laws of physics are invariant…
For a random field on a general discrete set, we introduce a condition that the range of the correlation from each site is within a predefined compact set D. For such a random field omega defined on the model set Lambda that satisfies a…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
Weak values are usually associated with weak measurements of an observable on a pre- and post-selected ensemble. We show that more generally, weak values are proportional to the correlation between two pointers in a successive measurement.…
This paper introduces a qualitative measure of ambiguity and analyses its relationship with other measures of uncertainty. Probability measures relative likelihoods, while ambiguity measures vagueness surrounding those judgments. Ambiguity…