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We propose generalized random forests, a method for non-parametric statistical estimation based on random forests (Breiman, 2001) that can be used to fit any quantity of interest identified as the solution to a set of local moment…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-06 Susan Athey , Julie Tibshirani , Stefan Wager

The Distributional Random Forest (DRF) is a recently introduced Random Forest algorithm to estimate multivariate conditional distributions. Due to its general estimation procedure, it can be employed to estimate a wide range of targets such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Jeffrey Näf , Corinne Emmenegger , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

Due to the steadily increasing relevance of machine learning for practical applications, many of which are coming with safety requirements, the notion of uncertainty has received increasing attention in machine learning research in the last…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Mohammad Hossein Shaker , Eyke Hüllermeier

Data analysis and machine learning have become an integrative part of the modern scientific methodology, offering automated procedures for the prediction of a phenomenon based on past observations, unraveling underlying patterns in data and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-04 Gilles Louppe

Random forests are a widely used machine learning algorithm, but their computational efficiency is undermined when applied to large-scale datasets with numerous instances and useless features. Herein, we propose a nonparametric feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xiaojun Mao , Liuhua Peng , Zhonglei Wang

We study various types of consistency of honest decision trees and random forests in the regression setting. In contrast to related literature, our proofs are elementary and follow the classical arguments used for smoothing methods. Under…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Martin Bladt , Rasmus Frigaard Lemvig

We study predictive probability inference in classification tasks using random forests under class imbalance. We focus on two simplified variants of Breiman's algorithm, namely subsampling Infinite Random Forests (IRFs) and under-sampling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Moria Mayala , Olivier Wintenberger , Charles Tillier , Clément Dombry

We study the often overlooked phenomenon, first noted in \cite{breiman2001random}, that random forests appear to reduce bias compared to bagging. Motivated by an interesting paper by \cite{mentch2020randomization}, where the authors explain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-23 Brian Liu , Rahul Mazumder

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

The random forest algorithm, proposed by L. Breiman in 2001, has been extremely successful as a general-purpose classification and regression method. The approach, which combines several randomized decision trees and aggregates their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Gérard Biau , Erwan Scornet

In this article we discuss estimation of the common variance of several normal populations with tree order restricted means. We discuss the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the variance as the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-24 Antar Bandyopadhyay , Sanjay Chaudhuri

Random Forests have been extensively used in regression and classification, inspiring the development of various forest-based methods. Among these, Mondrian Forests, derived from the Mondrian process, mark a significant advancement.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Haoran Zhan , Jingli Wang , Yingcun Xia

This paper promotes the use of random forests as versatile tools for estimating spatially disaggregated indicators in the presence of small area-specific sample sizes. Small area estimators are predominantly conceptualized within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Patrick Krennmair , Timo Schmid

We offer theoretical and empirical insights into the impact of exogenous randomness on the effectiveness of random forests with tree-building rules independent of training data. We formally introduce the concept of exogenous randomness and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-13 Tianxing Mei , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

We consider growing random recursive trees in random environment, in which at each step a new vertex is attached (by an edge of a random length) to an existing tree vertex according to a probability distribution that assigns the tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Konstantin Borovkov , Vladimir Vatutin

Regression forests have long delivered state-of-the-art accuracy, often outperforming regression trees and even neural networks, but they suffer from limited interpretability as ensemble methods. In this work, we revisit forest pruning, an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-10 Albert Dorador

Over the past decade, random forest models have become widely used as a robust method for high-dimensional data regression tasks. In part, the popularity of these models arises from the fact that they require little hyperparameter tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shipra Malhotra , John Karanicolas

Random forests are ensemble learning methods introduced by Breiman (2001) that operate by averaging several decision trees built on a randomly selected subspace of the data set. Despite their widespread use in practice, the respective roles…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Roxane Duroux , Erwan Scornet

Combining machine learning with econometric analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent in both research and practice. A common empirical strategy involves the application of predictive modeling techniques to 'mine' variables of interest…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-22 Mochen Yang , Edward McFowland , Gordon Burtch , Gediminas Adomavicius

Random forests remain among the most popular off-the-shelf supervised machine learning tools with a well-established track record of predictive accuracy in both regression and classification settings. Despite their empirical success as well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-15 Lucas Mentch , Siyu Zhou