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Accumulating evidence indicates that the capacity to integrate information in the brain is a prerequisite for consciousness. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness provides a mathematical approach to quantifying the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-22 Masafumi Oizumi , Shun-ichi Amari , Toru Yanagawa , Naotaka Fujii , Naotsugu Tsuchiya

In this paper we give a thorough presentation of a model proposed by Tononi et al. for modeling \emph{integrated information}, i.e. how much information is generated in a system transitioning from one state to the next one by the causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-01-05 Alessandro Epasto , Enrico Nardelli

Integrated information theory (IIT) has established itself as one of the leading theories for the study of consciousness. IIT essentially proposes that quantitative consciousness is identical to maximally integrated conceptual information,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-06 Stephan Krohn , Dirk Ostwald

According to the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness, consciousness is a fundamental observer-independent property of physical systems, and the measure Phi of integrated information is identical to the quantity or level of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-13 Adam B. Barrett , Pedro A. M. Mediano

This paper critically assesses the anti-functionalist stance on consciousness adopted by certain advocates of integrated information theory (IIT), a corollary of which is that human-level artificial intelligence implemented on conventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-08 Murray Shanahan

We approach the question "What is Consciousness?" in a new way, not as Descartes' "systematic doubt", but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one's way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-30 Stuart A. Kauffman , Andrea Roli

The most enigmatic aspect of consciousness is the fact that it is felt, as a subjective sensation. The theory proposed here aims to explain this particular aspect. The theory encompasses both the computation that is presumably involved and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-29 J. H. van Hateren

We look at consciousness through the lens of Theoretical Computer Science, a branch of mathematics that studies computation under resource limitations, distinguishing functions that are efficiently computable from those that are not. From…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Lenore Blum , Manuel Blum

An outstanding challenge with the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness (IIT) is to find a way of rapidly and accurately calculating integrated information from neural data. A number of measures of integrated information based on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-05 Daniel Toker , Friedrich Sommer

Over the past decade, AI has made a remarkable progress. It is agreed that this is due to the recently revived Deep Learning technology. Deep Learning enables to process large amounts of data using simplified neuron networks that simulate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Emanuel Diamant

This review presents recent and older results on elementary quantitative and qualitative aspects of consciousness and cognition and tackles the question "What is consciousness?" conjointly from biological, neuroscience-cognitive, physical…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-17 Pierre Baudot

Are minds subject to laws of physics? Are the laws of physics computable? Are conscious thought processes computable? Currently there is little agreement as to what are the right answers to these questions. Penrose goes one step further and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-17 C. Calude , D. I. Campbell , K. Svozil , D. Ştefănecu

This paper presents a novel information-theoretic proof demonstrating that the human brain as currently understood cannot function as a classical digital computer. Through systematic quantification of distinguishable conscious states and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Andrew Knight

The integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) is uniquely ambitious in proposing a mathematical formula, derived from apparently fundamental properties of conscious experience, to describe the quantity and quality of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-14 Adam B. Barrett , Borjan Milinkovic , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Fernando E. Rosas , Daniel Bor , Lionel Barnett , Anil K. Seth

Integrated information theory (IIT) starts from consciousness itself and identifies a set of properties (axioms) that are true of every conceivable experience. The axioms are translated into a set of postulates about the substrate of…

Algorithmic information theory roots the concept of information in computation rather than probability. These lecture notes were constructed in conjunction with the graduate course I taught at Universit\`a della Svizzera italiana in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Charles Alexandre Bédard

Computational modeling is a critical tool for understanding consciousness, but is it enough on its own? This paper discusses the necessity for an ontological basis of consciousness, and introduces a formal framework for grounding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-25 Ryan Williams

The Integrated Information Theory (IIT) might be our current best bet at a scientific explanation of phenomenal consciousness. IIT focuses on the distinctively subjective and phenomenological aspects of conscious experience. Currently, it…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-06 Azenet Lopez , Carlos Montemayor

The mysterious phenomenon of consciousness, after having been the subject of philosophic attention for few millennia, has drawn much scientific curiosity in recent decades; and many brilliant minds of various areas of sciences are trying to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-01 Jahan N. Schad

Motivated by the possible applications that a better understanding of consciousness might bring, we follow Tononi's idea and calculate analytically a complexity index for two systems of Ising spins with parallel update dynamics, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-28 Otavio Citton , Nestor Caticha