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The advent of the X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) has made it possible to record snapshots of biological entities injected into the X-ray beam before the onset of radiation damage. Algorithmic means must then be used to determine the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-04-01 A. Hosseinizadeh , P. Schwander , A. Dashti , R. Fung , R. M. D'Souza , A. Ourmazd

Recovery of three-dimensional structure from single particle X-ray scattering of completely randomly oriented diffraction patterns as predicted few decades back has been real due to the advent of the new emerging X-ray Free Electron Laser…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-11-24 M. Uddin

The advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers promises the possibility to determine the structure of individual particles such as microcrystallites, viruses and biomolecules from single-shot diffraction snapshots obtained before the particle is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-05-06 Brian Moths , Abbas Ourmazd

The study of the structure of viruses by X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) attracts more attention in recent decades. Such experiments are based on the collection of two-dimensional diffraction patterns measured at the detector after…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Dameli Assalauova , Ivan A. Vartanyants

The X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) can enable diffractive structural determination of protein crystals or single molecules that are too radiation-sensitive for conventional X-ray analysis. However the electronic form factor could have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-30 Zheng Li , Nikita Medvedev , Henry Chapman , Yanhua Shih

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offer unique capabilities for measuring the structure and dynamics of biomolecules, helping us understand the basic building blocks of life. Notably, high-repetition-rate XFELs enable single particle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Jay Shenoy , Axel Levy , Frédéric Poitevin , Gordon Wetzstein

Proposals to determine biomolecular structures from diffraction experiments using femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses involve a conflict between the incident brightness required to achieve diffraction-limited atomic…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-19 Harry M. Quiney , Keith A. Nugent

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) are the most advanced pulsed x-ray sources. Their extraordinary pulse parameters promise unique applications. Indeed, several new methods have been developed at XFEL-s. However, no methods are known, which…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-30 G. Bortel , M. Tegze , M. Sikorski , R. Bean , J. Bielecki , C. Kim , J. Koliyadu , F. Koua , M. Ramilli , A. Round , T. Sato , D. Zabelskii , G. Faigel

The first experimental data from single-particle scattering experiments from free electron lasers (FELs) are now becoming available. The first such experiments are being performed on relatively large objects such as viruses, which produce…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-28 Dilano Saldin , Hin-Cheuck Poon , Peter Schwander , Miraj Uddin , Marius Schmidt

The development of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has opened numerous opportunities to probe atomic structure and ultrafast dynamics of various materials. Single Particle Imaging (SPI) with XFELs enables the investigation of biological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhantao Chen , Cong Wang , Mingye Gao , Chun Hong Yoon , Jana B. Thayer , Joshua J. Turner

Single-shot wide-angle diffraction imaging is a widely used method to investigate the structure of non-crystallizing objects such as nanoclusters, large proteins or even viruses. Its main advantage is that information about the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-06-02 Thomas Stielow , Stefan Scheel

Schemes for X-ray imaging single protein molecules using new x-ray sources, like x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), require processing many frames of data that are obtained by taking temporally short snapshots of identical molecules, each…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-17 Kartik Ayyer , Hugh T. Philipp , Mark W. Tate , Veit Elser , Sol M. Gruner

Modern Flash X-ray diffraction Imaging (FXI) acquires diffraction signals from single biomolecules at a high repetition rate from X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), easily obtaining millions of 2D diffraction patterns from a single…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Jing Liu , Stefan Engblom , Carl Nettelblad

The routine atomic-resolution structure determination of single particles is expected to have profound implications for probing the structure-function relationship in systems ranging from energy materials to biological molecules.…

Single-particle imaging experiments of biomolecules at x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) require processing of hundreds of thousands (or more) of images that contain very few x-rays. Each low-flux image of the diffraction pattern is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-03-16 Hugh T. Philipp , Kartik Ayyer , Mark W. Tate , Veit Elser , Sol M. Gruner

Modern technology for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray laser pulses provides the possibility to acquire a large number of diffraction patterns from individual biological nanoparticles, including proteins, viruses, and DNA.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-11 Stefan Engblom , Carl Nettelblad , Jing Liu

Single biomolecular imaging using XFEL radiation is an emerging method for protein structure determination using the "diffraction before destruction" method at near atomic resolution. Crucial parameters for such bio-imaging experiments are…

Since Perutz, Kendrew and colleagues unveiled the structure of hemoglobin and myoglobin based on X-ray diffraction analysis in the 1950s, X-ray crystallography has become the primary methodology used to determine the 3D structure of…

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