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We revisit the Unruh effect within a general framework based on direct, probability-level calculations. We rederive the transition rate of a uniformly accelerating Unruh-DeWitt monopole detector coupled to a massive scalar field, from both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-13 Robert Dickinson , Jeff Forshaw , Ross Jenkinson , Peter Millington

We determine the energy-level shift experienced by a neutral atom due the quantum electromagnetic interaction with a layered dielectric body. We use the technique of normal-mode expansion to quantize the electromagnetic field in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Claudia Eberlein , Robert Zietal

The question as to whether neutron acceleration can occur in uniform electromagnetic fields is examined. Although such an effect has been predicted using the canonical equations of motion some doubt has been raised recently as to whether it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 J. Anandan , C. R. Hagen

While the Unruh effect has traditionally been studied under the assumption of uniform acceleration, a simplification motivated by experimental considerations, it is not necessarily true for all non-inertial motions. We propose a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Manuel de Atocha Rodríguez Fernández , Alexander I. Nesterov , Gennady P. Berman , C. Moreno-González

We consider the dynamical atom-surface Casimir-Polder force in the non-equilibrium configuration of an atom near a perfectly conducting wall, initially prepared in an excited state with the field in its vacuum state. We evaluate the…

The thermal radiance felt by a uniformly accelerated detector/oscillator/atom--the Unruh effect-- is often mistaken to be some emitted radiation detectable by an observer/probe/sensor. Here we show by an explicit calculation of the energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. L. Hu , Alpan Raval

We investigate the properties of quantum radiation produced by a uniformly accelerating charged particle undergoing thermal random motions, which originates from the coupling to the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Because…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-18 Naritaka Oshita , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

The vacuum expectation values of the energy--momentum tensor are investigated for massless scalar fields satisfying Dicichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, and for the electromagnetic field with perfect conductor boundary conditions on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 R. M. Avagyan , A. A. Saharian , A. H. Yeranyan

The relativistic quantum-mechanical description of a charged Laguerre-Gauss beam accelerated in a uniform electric field has been fulfilled. Stationary wave eigenfunctions are rigorously derived. The evolution of the beam parameters during…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Qi Meng , Ziqiang Huang , Xuan Liu , Wei Ma , Zhen Yang , Liang Lu , Alexander J. Silenko , Pengming Zhang , Liping Zou

The incorporation of classical general relativity into quantum field theory yields a surprising result -- thermodynamic particle production. One such phenomenon, known as the Unruh effect, causes empty space to effervesce a thermal bath of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-16 Morgan H. Lynch

In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Alexandre Deur , Stanley J. Brodsky , Craig D. Roberts , Balša Terzić

The Unruh effect -- according to which linearly accelerated observers with proper acceleration a= constant in the (no-particle) vacuum state of inertial observers experience a thermal bath of particles with temperature $T_U = a \hbar / (2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-26 Gabriel Cozzella , Andre G. S. Landulfo , George E. A. Matsas , Daniel A. T. Vanzella

A uniformly accelerated charged particle feels the vacuum as thermally excited and fluctuates around the classical trajectory. Then we may expect additional radiation besides the Larmor radiation. It is called Unruh radiation. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-24 Satoshi Iso , Yasuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

The interaction between light and an atom proceeds via three paradigmatic mechanisms: spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and absorption. All three are resonant processes in the sense that they require that the radiation field be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Barbara Šoda , Vivishek Sudhir , Achim Kempf

We use the Unruh effect to analyze the dynamics of classical and quantum correlations for a two-qubit system when one of them is uniformly accelerated for a finite amount of proper time. We show that the quantum correlation is completely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 L. C. Celeri , A. G. S. Landulfo , R. M. Serra , G. E. A. Matsas

The Unruh effect is the phenomenon that accelerated observers detect particles even when inertial observers experience the vacuum state. In particular, uniformly accelerated observers are predicted to measure thermal radiation that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-06 Luis C. Barbado , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Luca Apadula , Časlav Brukner

We discuss some common misconceptions in Unruh effect and Unruh radiation for the cases of linear and circular uniform acceleration of a charged particle or detector moving in a quantum field. We point to the need to go beyond Unruh effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. L. Hu , Philip R. Johnson

We consider the influence of acceleration on the radiative energy shifts of atoms in Minkowski space. We study a two-level atom coupled to a scalar quantum field. Using a Heisenberg picture approach, we are able to separate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Juergen Audretsch , Rainer Mueller

We investigate the connection between the classical Larmor formula and the quantum Unruh effect by computing the emitted power by a uniformly accelerated charged particle and its angular distribution in the coaccelerated frame. We consider…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Georgios Vacalis , Atsushi Higuchi , Robert Bingham , Gianluca Gregori

When ground-state atoms are accelerated and the field with which they interact is in its normal vacuum state, the atoms detect Unruh radiation. We show that atoms falling into a black hole emit acceleration radiation which, under…