Related papers: Algorithms for determining integer complexity
Solving random subset sum instances plays an important role in constructing cryptographic systems. For the random subset sum problem, in 2013 Bernstein et al. proposed a quantum algorithm with heuristic time complexity…
We consider the problem of finding a solution to a multivariate polynomial equation system of degree $d$ in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{F}_2$. For $d=2$, the best-known algorithm for the problem is by Bardet et al. [J. Complexity, 2013] and…
We present the first explicit comparison-based algorithm that sorts the sumset $X + Y = \{x_i + y_j,\ \forall 0 \le i, j < n\}$, where $X$ and $Y$ are sorted arrays of real numbers, in optimal $O(n^2)$ time and comparisons. While Fredman…
Define $\|n\|$ to be the complexity of $n$, the smallest number of ones needed to write $n$ using an arbitrary combination of addition and multiplication. John Selfridge showed that $\|n\|\ge 3\log_3 n$ for all $n$, leading this author and…
The selection problem, where one wishes to locate the $k^{th}$ smallest element in an unsorted array of size $n$, is one of the basic problems studied in computer science. The main focus of this work is designing algorithms for solving the…
The metric $k$-median problem is a textbook clustering problem. As input, we are given a metric space $V$ of size $n$ and an integer $k$, and our task is to find a subset $S \subseteq V$ of at most $k$ `centers' that minimizes the total…
We first give an $\O(2^{n/3})$ quantum algorithm for the 0-1 Knapsack problem with $n$ variables. More generally, for 0-1 Integer Linear Programs with $n$ variables and $d$ inequalities we give an $\O(2^{n/3}n^d)$ quantum algorithm. For $d…
The complexity $\Vert n\Vert$ of a natural number is the least number of $1$ needed to represent $n$ using the 5 symbols $(, ), *, +, 1$. A natural number $n$ is called stable is $\Vert 3^kn\Vert =\Vert n\Vert +3k$. For each natural number…
Matrix multiplication is a fundamental classical computing operation whose efficiency becomes a major challenge at scale, especially for machine learning applications. Quantum computing, with its inherent parallelism and exponential storage…
We examine the relative performance of algorithms for the calculation of curvature in spacetime. The classical coordinate component method is compared to two distinct versions of the Newman-Penrose tetrad approach for a variety of…
In this paper we consider the time complexity of computing the sum and product of two $n$-bit numbers within the tile self-assembly model. The (abstract) tile assembly model is a mathematical model of self-assembly in which system…
A deterministic algorithm for factoring $n$ using $n^{1/3+o(1)}$ bit operations is presented. The algorithm tests the divisibility of $n$ by all the integers in a short interval at once, rather than integer by integer as in trial division.…
We present a rigorous and relatively fast method for the computation of the "complexity" of a natural number (sequence A005245), and answer some "old and new" questions related to the question in the title of this note. We also extend the…
In this paper, we show $O(1.415^n)$-time and $O(1.190^n)$-space exact algorithms for 0-1 integer programs where constraints are linear equalities and coefficients are arbitrary real numbers. Our algorithms are quadratically faster than…
A fundamental problem in computer science is to find all the common zeroes of $m$ quadratic polynomials in $n$ unknowns over $\mathbb{F}_2$. The cryptanalysis of several modern ciphers reduces to this problem. Up to now, the best complexity…
Data valuation, the task of quantifying the contribution of individual data points to model performance, has emerged as a fundamental challenge in machine learning. Game-theoretic approaches, such as the Banzhaf value, offer principled…
It has recently been shown that starting with a classical query algorithm (decision tree) and a guessing algorithm that tries to predict the query answers, we can design a quantum algorithm with query complexity $O(\sqrt{GT})$ where $T$ is…
We explore potential quantum speedups for the fundamental problem of testing the properties of closeness and $k$-wise uniformity of probability distributions. Closeness testing is the problem of distinguishing whether two $n$-dimensional…
This paper depicts algorithms for solving the decision Boolean Satisfiability Problem. An extreme problem is formulated to analyze the complexity of algorithms and the complexity for solving it. A novel and easy reformulation as a lottery…
We present a notion of bilinear stability, which is to numerical stability what bilinear complexity is to time complexity. In bilinear complexity, an algorithm for evaluating a bilinear operator $\beta : \mathbb{U} \times \mathbb{V} \to…