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Global climate change is one of main concern of modern society. To estimate this change usually one estimates the global mean temperature. Measuring and calculating the Earth's average temperature are multi-steps complex processes which…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-02 Slavoljub Mijovic

Climate change poses substantial risks to the global economy. Kotz, Levermann and Wenz (Nature, 2024) statistically analyzed economic and climate data, finding significant projected damages until mid-century and a divergence in outcomes…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-15 Christof Schötz

Climate sensitivity has remained stubbornly uncertain since the Charney Report was published some 45 years ago. Two factors in future climate projections could alter this dilemma: (i) an increased ratio of CO$_2$ forcing relative to aerosol…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Adam Michael Bauer , Cristian Proistosescu , Kelvin K Droegemeier

We compare the performance of a recently proposed empirical climate model based on astronomical harmonics against all available general circulation climate models (GCM) used by the IPCC (2007) to interpret the 20th century global surface…

Geophysics · Physics 2012-01-09 Nicola Scafetta

Climate change poses grave challenges, demanding widespread understanding and low-carbon lifestyle awareness. Large language models (LLMs) offer a powerful tool to address this crisis, yet comprehensive evaluations of their climate-crisis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hongyin Zhu , Prayag Tiwari

A policy compass indicates the direction in which an institution is going in terms of three general qualities. The three qualities are: suppression, harmony and passion. Any formal institution can develop a policy compass to examine the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-05-10 Michèle Friend

Modeling weather and climate is an essential endeavor to understand the near- and long-term impacts of climate change, as well as inform technology and policymaking for adaptation and mitigation efforts. In recent years, there has been a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Tung Nguyen , Jason Jewik , Hritik Bansal , Prakhar Sharma , Aditya Grover

Climate change is a major socio-scientific issue shapes public decision-making and policy discussions. As large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as an interface for accessing climate knowledge, whether existing benchmarks reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Oucheng Liu , Lexing Xie , Jing Jiang

We revisit a recent claim that the Earth's climate system is characterized by sensitive dependence to parameters; in particular, that the system exhibits an asymmetric, large-amplitude response to normally distributed feedback forcing. Such…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-01-13 Ilya Zaliapin , Michael Ghil

First-best climate policy is a uniform carbon tax which gradually rises over time. Civil servants have complicated climate policy to expand bureaucracies, politicians to create rents. Environmentalists have exaggerated climate change to…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-16 Richard S. J. Tol

This is a review of the book "Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R" by Zuur, Ieno, Walker, Saveliev and Smith (2009, Springer). I was asked to review this book for The American Statistician in 2010. After I wrote the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2013-05-31 J. Andrew Royle

The economic impacts of climate change are highly uncertain. Two of the most important uncertainties are the sensitivity of the climate system and the so-called damage functions, which relate climate change to economic damages and benefits.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Jenny Bjordal , Trude Storelvmo , Anthony A. Smith

Climate change perceptions are fundamental for adaptation and environmental policy support. Although Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, little research has focused on how climate change is perceived in the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-05-18 Juan B Gonzalez , Alfonso Sanchez

This article discusses the limits of the Anthropogenic Global Warming Theory advocated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. A phenomenological theory of climate change based on the physical properties of the data themselves is…

Geophysics · Physics 2010-05-31 Nicola Scafetta

Forecasting weather and climate events is crucial for making appropriate measures to mitigate environmental hazards and minimize losses. However, existing environmental forecasting research focuses narrowly on predicting numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Haobo Li , Zhaowei Wang , Jiachen Wang , Yueya Wang , Alexis Kai Hon Lau , Huamin Qu

The IPCC started at a time when climate policy was an aspiration for the future. The research assessed in the early IPCC reports was necessarily about potential climate policies, always stylized and often optimized. The IPCC has continued…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-20 Richard S. J. Tol

We evaluate the climate simulation capabilities of ArchesWeather and ArchesWeatherGen, two machine learning models originally trained for weather forecasting and evaluated up to a 10-day lead time. ArchesWeather is a deterministic model,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Renu Singh , Robert Brunstein , Antonia Jost , Thomas Rackow , Claire Monteleoni , Yana Hasson , Christian Lessig , Guillaume Couairon

Recent achievements in machine learning (Ml) have had a significant impact on various fields, including climate science. Climate modeling is very important and plays a crucial role in shaping the decisions of governments and individuals in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-17 Ahmed Elsayed , Shrouk Wally , Islam Alkabbany , Asem Ali , Aly Farag

Earlier meta-analyses of the economic impact of climate change are updated with more data, with three new results: (1) The central estimate of the economic impact of global warming is always negative. (2) The confidence interval about the…

General Economics · Economics 2022-08-30 Richard S. J. Tol

In this lengthy letter, we wanted to discuss the concept of climate based on definitions established for over a century and direct observations that we have been collecting for more than a century as well. To do this, we present and discuss…