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Parikh's theorem states that every Context Free Language (CFL) has the same Parikh image as that of a regular language. A finite state automaton accepting such a regular language is called a Parikh-equivalent automaton. In the worst case,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-27 M. Praveen

Thanks to its solid theoretical foundation, the SHAP framework is arguably one the most widely utilized frameworks for local explainability of ML models. Despite its popularity, its exact computation is known to be very challenging, proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Reda Marzouk , Colin de La Higuera

Automata over infinite words, also known as omega-automata, play a key role in the verification and synthesis of reactive systems. The spectrum of omega-automata is defined by two characteristics: the acceptance condition (e.g. B\"uchi or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

In a simple pattern matching problem one has a pattern $w$ and a text $t$, which are words over a finite alphabet $\Sigma$. One may ask whether $w$ occurs in $t$, and if so, where? More generally, we may have a set $P$ of patterns and a set…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Sylvie Davies , Abhishek Madan

We investigate the nondeterministic state complexity of basic operations for suffix-free regular languages. The nondeterministic state complexity of an operation is the number of states that are necessary and sufficient in the worst-case…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Yo-Sub Han , Kai Salomaa

We show that the deterministic decision tree complexity of a (partial) function or relation $f$ lifts to the deterministic parity decision tree (PDT) size complexity of the composed function/relation $f \circ g$ as long as the gadget $g$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Arkadev Chattopadhyay , Nikhil S. Mande , Swagato Sanyal , Suhail Sherif

Asynchronous automata are a model of distributed finite state processes synchronising on shared actions. A celebrated result by Zielonka shows how a deterministic asynchronous automaton (AA) can be synthesised, starting from two inputs: a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Béatrice Bérard , Benjamin Monmege , B Srivathsan , Arnab Sur

Nondeterministic automata may be viewed as succinct programs implementing deterministic automata, i.e. complete specifications. Converting a given deterministic automaton into a small nondeterministic one is known to be computationally very…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Robert Samuel Ralph Myers , Henning Urbat

We study the parameterized complexity of scheduling unit-time jobs on parallel, identical machines under generalized precedence constraints for minimization of the makespan and the sum of completion times. In our setting, each job is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Christina Büsing , Maurice Draeger , Corinna Mathwieser

Partially ordered nondeterminsitic finite automata (poNFAs) are NFAs whose transition relation induces a partial order on states, that is, for which cycles occur only in the form of self-loops on a single state. A poNFA is universal if it…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Markus Krötzsch , Tomáš Masopust , Michaël Thomazo

The Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model is a cellular automaton which has been intensively studied during the last years as a paradigm for self-organized criticality. In this paper, we reconsider a deterministic version of the BTW…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Lubeck , N. Rajewsky , D. E. Wolf

We present a unified translation of LTL formulas into deterministic Rabin automata, limit-deterministic B\"uchi automata, and nondeterministic B\"uchi automata. The translations yield automata of asymptotically optimal size (double or…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Javier Esparza , Jan Kretinsky , Salomon Sickert

Recently, an infinite hierarchy of languages accepted by stateless deterministic pushdown automata has been established based on the number of pushdown symbols. However, the witness language for the n-th level of the hierarchy is over an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-27 Tomáš Masopust

We determine the accepting-state spectrum of reversal for permutation automata exactly, thereby proving the Rauch--Holzer conjecture on this operation. For every $m \ge 2$ and every $\alpha \ge 2$, we construct a binary permutation…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Samuel German

We prove that a random automaton with $n$ states and any fixed non-singleton alphabet is synchronizing with high probability (modulo an unpublished result about unique highest trees of random graphs). Moreover, we also prove that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

The increasing use of machine learning in high-stakes domains -- where people's livelihoods are impacted -- creates an urgent need for interpretable, fair, and highly accurate algorithms. With these needs in mind, we propose a mixed integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Nathanael Jo , Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

We present a comprehensive classical and parameterized complexity analysis of decision tree pruning operations, extending recent research on the complexity of learning small decision trees. Thereby, we offer new insights into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Juha Harviainen , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge , Stefan Szeider

The \emph{state complexity} of a regular language $L_m$ is the number $m$ of states in a minimal deterministic finite automaton (DFA) accepting $L_m$. The state complexity of a regularity-preserving binary operation on regular languages is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Janusz Brzozowski , Lila Kari , Bai Li , Marek Szykuła

We construct automata with input(s) in Fibonacci representation (also known as Zeckendorf representation) recognizing some basic arithmetic relations and study their number of states. We also consider some basic operations on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Delaram Moradi , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

We investigate the state complexity of the permutation operation, or the commutative closure, on Alphabetical Pattern Constraints (APC). This class corresponds to level $3/2$ of the Straubing-Th{\'e}rien Hierarchy and includes the finite,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Stefan Hoffmann