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Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors efficiently capture scene depth, but the nonlinear depth construction procedure often results in extremely large noise variance or even invalid areas. Recent methods based on deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Changyong He , Jin Zeng , Jiawei Zhang , Jiajie Guo

Depth is a very important modality in computer vision, typically used as complementary information to RGB, provided by RGB-D cameras. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain the same level of accuracy as RGB-D cameras on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Pranav Sharma , Jigyasa Singh Katrolia , Jason Rambach , Bruno Mirbach , Didier Stricker , Juergen Seiler

3D Time-of-Flight camera's images are affected by errors due to the diffuse (indirect) light and to the flare light. The presented method improves the 3D image reducing the distance's errors to dark surface objects. This is achieved by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-10-01 D. Falie

Passive Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging can be enabled by optical wireless communication (OWC). The lighting infrastructure is the backbone of emerging light-based wireless communication. To this end, communication sources are used as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Faisal Ahmed , Miguel Heredia Conde , Paula López Martínez

Indirect Time-of-Flight cameras (iToF) are low-cost devices that provide depth images at an interactive frame rate. However, they are affected by different error sources, with the spotlight taken by Multi-Path Interference (MPI), a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Adriano Simonetto , Gianluca Agresti , Pietro Zanuttigh , Henrik Schäfer

Time of Flight (ToF) is a prevalent depth sensing technology in the fields of robotics, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing. Yet, ToF sensing faces challenges from complex ambient conditions making an inverse modelling from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Christopher Hahne , Michel Hayoz , Raphael Sznitman

The raw depth images captured by RGB-D cameras using Time-of-Flight (TOF) or structured light often suffer from incomplete depth values due to weak reflections, boundary shadows, and artifacts, which limit their applications in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zihui Zhao , Yifei Zhang , Zheng Wang , Yang Li , Kui Jiang , Zihan Geng , Chia-Wen Lin

Time-of-Flight non-line-of-sight (ToF NLOS) imaging techniques provide state-of-the-art reconstructions of scenes hidden around corners by inverting the optical path of indirect photons scattered by visible surfaces and measured by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Julio Marco , Adrian Jarabo , Ji Hyun Nam , Alberto Tosi , Diego Gutierrez , Andreas Velten

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras possess compact design and high measurement precision to be applied to various robot tasks. However, their limited sensing range restricts deployment in large-scale scenarios. Depth completion has emerged as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Juncheng Chen , Tiancheng Lai , Xingpeng Wang , Bingxin Liao , Baozhe Zhang , Chao Xu , Yanjun Cao

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are subject to high levels of noise and distortions due to Multi-Path-Interference (MPI). While recent research showed that 2D neural networks are able to outperform previous traditional State-of-the-Art (SOTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Michael Schelling , Pedro Hermosilla , Timo Ropinski

We study a simple modification to the conventional time of flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) where a \emph{variable} and (pseudo)-\emph{random} pulsing rate is used which allows for traces from different pulses to overlap. This modification…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-07-30 Morteza Ibrahimi , Andrea Montanari , George S Moore

We present an optical method to measure radio-frequency electro-optic phase modulation profiles by employing spectrum-to-time mapping realized by highly chirped optical pulses. We directly characterize temporal phase modulation profiles of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-11-23 Michał Jachura , Jan Szczepanek , Wojciech Wasilewski , Michal Karpinski

Time-of-flight (ToF) devices have greatly propelled the advancement of various multi-modal perception applications. However, achieving accurate rendering of time-resolved information remains a challenge, particularly in scenes involving…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Qianyue He , Dongyu Du , Haitian Jiang , Xin Jin

We present a novel approach to joint depth and normal estimation for time-of-flight (ToF) sensors. Our model learns to predict the high-quality depth and normal maps jointly from ToF raw sensor data. To achieve this, we meticulously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Rongrong Gao , Na Fan , Changlin Li , Wentao Liu , Qifeng Chen

Indirect Time of Flight LiDARs can indirectly calculate the scene's depth from the phase shift angle between transmitted and received laser signals with amplitudes modulated at a predefined frequency. Unfortunately, this method generates…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Mena Nagiub , Thorsten Beuth , Ganesh Sistu , Heinrich Gotzig , Ciarán Eising

Time-resolved optical filtering (TROF) measures the spectrogram or sonogram by a fast photodiode followed a tunable narrowband optical filter. For periodic signal and to match the sonogram, numerical TROF algorithm is used to find the…

Optics · Physics 2013-01-15 KeangPo Ho , Hsi-Cheng Wang , Hau-Kai Chen , Cheng-Chen Wu

Light-weight time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensors are compact and cost-efficient, and thus widely used on mobile devices for tasks such as autofocus and obstacle detection. However, due to the sparse and noisy depth measurements, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Xinyang Liu , Yijin Li , Yanbin Teng , Hujun Bao , Guofeng Zhang , Yinda Zhang , Zhaopeng Cui

We present a method to calibrate wavefront distortion of the spatial light modulator setup by registering far field images of several Gaussian beams diffracted off the modulator. The Fourier transform of resulting interference images…

Optics · Physics 2016-03-22 Adam Leszczyński , Wojciech Wasilewski

3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors are used widely in applications such as self-driving cars, Augmented Reality (AR) and robotics. When implemented with Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), compact, array format sensors can be made…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Germán Mora Martín , Stirling Scholes , Alice Ruget , Robert K. Henderson , Jonathan Leach , Istvan Gyongy

Depth map enhancement using paired high-resolution RGB images offers a cost-effective solution for improving low-resolution depth data from lightweight ToF sensors. Nevertheless, naively adopting a depth estimation pipeline to fuse the two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Laiyan Ding , Hualie Jiang , Jiwei Chen , Rui Huang