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The log-rank conjecture is a longstanding open problem with multiple equivalent formulations in complexity theory and mathematics. In its linear-algebraic form, it asserts that the rank and partitioning number of a Boolean matrix are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Lianna Hambardzumyan , Shachar Lovett , Morgan Shirley

The LogRank conjecture of Lov\'asz and Saks from 1988 is the most famous open problem in the communication complexity theory. The statement is as follows: Suppose that two players intend to compute a Boolean function $f(x,y)$ when $x$ is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Vince Grolmusz

The log-rank conjecture, a longstanding problem in communication complexity, has persistently eluded resolution for decades. Consequently, some recent efforts have focused on potential approaches for establishing the conjecture in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Hamed Hatami , Kaave Hosseini , Shachar Lovett , Anthony Ostuni

The log-rank conjecture in communication complexity suggests that the deterministic communication complexity of any Boolean rank-r function is bounded by polylog(r). Recently, major progress was made by Lovett who proved that the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Thomas Rothvoss

The quantum version of communication complexity allows the two communicating parties to exchange qubits and/or to make use of prior entanglement (shared EPR-pairs). Some lower bound techniques are available for qubit communication…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Harry Buhrman , Ronald de Wolf

For a $\{0,1\}$-valued matrix $M$ let $\rm{CC}(M)$ denote the deterministic communication complexity of the boolean function associated with $M$. The log-rank conjecture of Lov\'{a}sz and Saks [FOCS 1988] states that $\rm{CC}(M) \leq…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-28 Eli Ben-Sasson , Shachar Lovett , Noga Zewi

Several theorems and conjectures in communication complexity state or speculate that the complexity of a matrix in a given communication model is controlled by a related analytic or algebraic matrix parameter, e.g., rank, sign-rank,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Hamed Hatami , Pooya Hatami

This paper gives a nearly tight characterization of the quantum communication complexity of the permutation-invariant Boolean functions. With such a characterization, we show that the quantum and randomized communication complexity of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ziyi Guan , Yunqi Huang , Penghui Yao , Zekun Ye

One of the strongest techniques available for showing lower bounds on quantum communication complexity is the logarithm of the approximation rank of the communication matrix--the minimum rank of a matrix which is entrywise close to the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Troy Lee , Adi Shraibman

The Sensitivity Conjecture and the Log-rank Conjecture are among the most important and challenging problems in concrete complexity. Incidentally, the Sensitivity Conjecture is known to hold for monotone functions, and so is the Log-rank…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-08 Chengyu Lin , Shengyu Zhang

Let $f: \{0,1\}^n \to \{0, 1\}$ be a boolean function, and let $f_\land (x, y) = f(x \land y)$ denote the AND-function of $f$, where $x \land y$ denotes bit-wise AND. We study the deterministic communication complexity of $f_\land$ and show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Alexander Knop , Shachar Lovett , Sam McGuire , Weiqiang Yuan

The communication class $\mathbf{UPP}^{\text{cc}}$ is a communication analog of the Turing Machine complexity class $\mathbf{PP}$. It is characterized by a matrix-analytic complexity measure called sign-rank (also called dimension…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Mark Bun , Nikhil S. Mande , Justin Thaler

We prove that any total boolean function of rank $r$ can be computed by a deterministic communication protocol of complexity $O(\sqrt{r} \cdot \log(r))$. Equivalently, any graph whose adjacency matrix has rank $r$ has chromatic number at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-09 Shachar Lovett

We give improved separations for the query complexity analogue of the log-approximate-rank conjecture i.e. we show that there are a plethora of total Boolean functions on $n$ input bits, each of which has approximate Fourier sparsity at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Arkadev Chattopadhyay , Ankit Garg , Suhail Sherif

In a recent breakthrough result, Chattopadhyay, Mande and Sherif [ECCC TR18-17] showed an exponential separation between the log approximate rank and randomized communication complexity of a total function $f$, hence refuting the log…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 Anurag Anshu , Naresh Goud Boddu , Dave Touchette

Quantum communication is concerned with the complexity of entanglement of a state and statistical data analysis is concerned with the complexity of a model. A common key word for both is "rank". In this paper we will show that both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Toshio Sakata , Lin Chen , Toshio Sumi , Mitsuhiro Miyazaki

Complex systems are high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems with intricate interactions among their constituents. To make interpretable predictions about their large-scale behavior, it is typically assumed, without a clear statement,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-11-07 Vincent Thibeault , Antoine Allard , Patrick Desrosiers

One of the best lower bound methods for the quantum communication complexity of a function H (with or without shared entanglement) is the logarithm of the approximate rank of the communication matrix of H. This measure is essentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-25 Anurag Anshu , Shalev Ben-David , Ankit Garg , Rahul Jain , Robin Kothari , Troy Lee

Raz's recent result \cite{Raz2010} has rekindled people's interest in the study of \emph{tensor rank}, the generalization of matrix rank to high dimensions, by showing its connections to arithmetic formulas. In this paper, we follow Raz's…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-22 Yang D. Li

A major problem in the study of large language models is to understand their inherent low-dimensional structure. We introduce an approach to study the low-dimensional structure of language models at a model-agnostic level: as sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Noah Golowich , Allen Liu , Abhishek Shetty
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