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We prove that if $y=\sum_{n=0}^\infty{\bf a}(n)x^n\in\mathbb{F}_q[[x]]$ is an algebraic power series of degree $d$, height $h$, and genus $g$, then the sequence ${\bf a}$ is generated by an automaton with at most $q^{h+d+g-1}$ states, up to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-14 Andrew Bridy

We present a finite-state, deterministic automaton that emulates the Collatz function through digitwise transitions on base-10 representations. Each digit is represented as a symbolic triplet (r, p, c) encoding its value, the parity of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Leonard Ben Aurel Brauer

Recently, Ko\c{c} proposed a neat and efficient algorithm for computing \[ x = a^{-1} \pmod {p^k} \] for a prime $p$ based on the exact solution of linear equations using $p$-adic expansions. The algorithm requires only addition and right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Guangwu Xu , Yunxiao Tian , Bingxin Yang

We propose to associate to a modular form (an infinite number of) complex valued functions on the $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$ for each prime $p$. We elaborate on the correspondence and study its consequence in terms of the Mellin…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Parikshit Dutta , Debashis Ghoshal

We consider finite deterministic automata such that their alphabets consist of exactly one letter of defect 1 and a set of permutations of the state set. We study under which conditions such an automaton is completely reachable. We focus…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-01 David Fernando Casas Torres

There are several remarks on Hilbert series of finitely presented (f. p.) associative algebras over a field and their modules. First, given an integer $D$, the set of Hilbert series of right-sided ideals with generators and relations of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dmitri Piontkovski

An infinite permutation $\alpha$ is a linear ordering of $\mathbb N$. We study properties of infinite permutations analogous to those of infinite words, and show some resemblances and some differences between permutations and words. In this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-09-29 Anna Frid , Luca Zamboni

This work introduces a new kind of affine semigroups called $P$-semigroups. Within the framework of $\mathcal C$-semigroups, we define a finite-state automaton associated to them. Moreover, this automaton determines whether a $\mathcal…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-10-16 J. I. Farrán , J. C. Rosales , R. Tapia-Ramos , A. Vigneron-Tenorio

Sofic shifts are symbolic dynamical systems defined by the set of bi-infinite sequences on an edge-labeled directed graph, called a presentation. We study the computational complexity of an array of natural decision problems about…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Justin Cai , Rafael Frongillo

We present a few results and several open problems concerning complete deterministic finite automata in which every non-empty subset of the state set occurs as the image of the whole state set under the action of a suitable input word.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Evgenija Bondar , Mikhail Volkov

The problem of characterizing which automatic sets of integers are stable is here solved. Given a positive integer $d$ and a subset $A\subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ whose set of representations base $d$ is recognized by a finite automaton, a…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-10-09 Christopher D. C. Hawthorne

We give bounds for the number and the size of the primes $p$ such that a reduction modulo $p$ of a system of multivariate polynomials over the integers with a finite number $T$ of complex zeros, does not have exactly $T$ zeros over the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-28 Carlos D'Andrea , Alina Ostafe , Igor E. Shparlinski , Martin Sombra

We study automatic sequences and automatic systems generated by general constant length (nonprimitive) substitutions. While an automatic system is typically uncountable, the set of automatic sequences is countable, implying that most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Elżbieta Krawczyk

An index for a finite automaton is a powerful data structure that supports locating paths labeled with a query pattern, thus solving pattern matching on the underlying regular language. In this paper, we solve the long-standing problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nicola Cotumaccio , Nicola Prezza

The arithmetic partial derivative (with respect to a prime $p$) is a function from the set of integers that sends $p$ to 1 and satisfies the Leibniz rule. In this paper, we prove that the $p$-adic valuation of the sequence of higher order…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Brad Emmons , Xiao Xiao

The basis for most of the ideas mentioned in this paper is the theory of cellular automata. A cellular automata contains a regular grid of cells, with each cell having a pre-defined set of finite states. The initial state is determined at…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Raghavendra Bhat

Cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems and a model of computation. The limit set of a cellular automaton consists of the configurations having an infinite sequence of preimages. It is well known that these always contain a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Alex Borello , Julien Cervelle , Pascal Vanier

Automaton models are often seen as interpretable models. Interpretability itself is not well defined: it remains unclear what interpretability means without first explicitly specifying objectives or desired attributes. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-28 Christian Albert Hammerschmidt , Sicco Verwer , Qin Lin , Radu State

Affine automata provide a finite-state computational model that preserves the linear-algebraic structure of quantum computation while operating entirely over the reals. Recent work has shown that affine automata can far surpass classical…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zeyu Chen , Junde Wu

In this paper, we define the class of hourglass automata, which are timed automata with bounded clocks that can be made to progress backwards as well as forwards at a constant rate. We then introduce a new clock update for timed automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Yuki Osada , Tim French , Mark Reynolds , Harry Smallbone