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In 1966 Gallai asked whether all longest paths in a connected graph have nonempty intersection. This is not true in general and various counterexamples have been found. However, the answer to Gallai's question is positive for several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Julia Ehrenmüller , Cristina G. Fernandes , Carl Georg Heise

We prove that a connected, locally finite, quasi-transitive graph which is quasi-isometric to a planar graph is necessarily accessible. This leads to a complete classification of the finitely generated groups which are quasi-isometric to…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Joseph Paul MacManus

We develop a new method for enumerating independent sets of a fixed size in general graphs, and we use this method to show that a conjecture of Engbers and Galvin holds for all but finitely many graphs. We also use our method to prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-30 James Alexander , Tim Mink

Networks with a high degree of symmetry are useful models for parallel processor networks. In earlier papers, we defined several global communication tasks (universal exchange, universal broadcast, universal summation) that can be critical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-04 Randall Dougherty , Vance Faber

For positive integers $n$ and $r$, we let $Q_n^r$ denote the $r$th power of the $n$-dimensional discrete hypercube graph, i.e., the graph with vertex-set $\{0,1\}^n$, where two 0-1 vectors are joined if they are Hamming distance at most $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Cyrus Rashtchian , William Raynaud

We prove that a distance-regular graph with a dominant distance is a spectral expander. The key ingredient of the proof is a new inequality on the intersection numbers. We use the spectral gap bound to study the structure of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Bohdan Kivva

The isomorphism problem of Cayley graphs has been well studied in the literature, such as characterizations of CI (DCI)-graphs and CI (DCI)-groups. In this paper, we generalize these to vertex-transitive graphs and establish parallel…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Jing Chen , Binzhou Xia

We develop a general diagrammatic theory of welded graphs, and provide an extension of Satoh's Tube map from welded graphs to ribbon surface-links. As a topological application, we obtain a complete link-homotopy classification of so-called…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Benjamin Audoux , Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Akira Yasuhara

In 1930, Ramsey proved that every large graph contains either a large clique or a large edgeless graph as an induced subgraph. It is well known that every large connected graph contains a long path, a large clique, or a large star as an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Sarah Allred , M. N. Ellingham

We define quantum expanders in a natural way. We show that under certain conditions classical expander constructions generalize to the quantum setting, and in particular so does the Lubotzky, Philips and Sarnak construction of Ramanujan…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Avraham Ben-Aroya , Amnon Ta-Shma

The invariance to permutations of the adjacency matrix, i.e., graph isomorphism, is an overarching requirement for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Conventionally, this prerequisite can be satisfied by the invariant operations over node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhongyu Huang , Yingheng Wang , Chaozhuo Li , Huiguang He

We construct a new family of trivalent expanders tessellating hyperbolic surfaces with large isometry groups. These graphs are obtained from a family of Cayley graphs of nilpotent groups via $(\Delta-Y)$-transformations. We compare this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-15 Ioannis Ivrissimtzis , Norbert Peyerimhoff , Alina Vdovina

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

Mayer's second theorem in the context of a classical gas model allows us to write the coefficients of the virial expansion of pressure in terms of weighted two-connected graphs. Labelle, Leroux and Ducharme studied the graph weights arising…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-10-08 Stephen James Tate

We consider a hierarchy of graph invariants that naturally extends the spectral invariants defined by F\"urer (Lin. Alg. Appl. 2010) based on the angles formed by the set of standard basis vectors and their projections onto eigenspaces of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-06 V. Arvind , Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

We enumerate the connected graphs that contain a number of edges growing linearly with respect to the number of vertices. So far, only the first term of the asymptotics and a bound on the error were known. Using analytic combinatorics, ie…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-12 Elie de Panafieu

A "biased expansion" of a graph is a kind of branched covering graph with additional structure related to combinatorial homotopy of circles. Some but not all biased expansions are constructed from groups ("group expansions"); these include…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Thomas Zaslavsky

We study the representations of non-commutative universal lattices and use them to compute lower bounds for the \TauC for the commutative universal lattices $G_{d,k}= \SL_d(\Z[x_1,...,x_k])$ with respect to several generating sets. As an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Kassabov

We show that finitely presented groups which admit $k$-planar Cayley graphs contain finite-index subgroups with planar Cayley graphs. More generally, we answer a question of Georgakopoulos and Papasoglu in the special case of coarsely…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 John M. Mackay , Joseph P. MacManus , Davide Spriano

Over all graphs (or unicyclic graphs) of a given order, we characterise those graphs that minimise or maximise the number of connected induced subgraphs. For each of these classes, we find that the graphs that minimise the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Audace A. V. Dossou-Olory