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This paper presents a powerful genetic algorithm(GA) to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). To construct a powerful GA, I use edge swapping(ES) with a local search procedure to determine good combinations of building blocks of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Shujia Liu

We introduce a topological feedback mechanism for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) by analyzing the divergence between a tour and the minimum spanning tree (MST). Our key contribution is a canonical decomposition theorem that expresses…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ilya Trofimov , Daria Voronkova , Alexander Mironenko , Anton Dmitriev , Eduard Tulchinskii , Evgeny Burnaev , Serguei Barannikov

Recent papers on approximation algorithms for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) have given a new variant on the well-known Christofides' algorithm for the TSP, called the Best-of-Many Christofides' algorithm. The algorithm involves…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Kyle Genova , David P. Williamson

We study the generalization capability of Unsupervised Learning in solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We use a Graph Neural Network (GNN) trained with a surrogate loss function to generate an embedding for each node. We use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

We study the problem of finding a tour of $n$ points in which every edge is long. More precisely, we wish to find a tour that visits every point exactly once, maximizing the length of the shortest edge in the tour. The problem is known as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-29 László Kozma , Tobias Mömke

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically NP-hard, and thus very challenging to solve. In this paper, we present the random key cuckoo search (RKCS) algorithm for solving the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We used a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Aziz Ouaarab , B. Ahiod , Xin-She Yang

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP), a quintessential NP-hard combinatorial optimisation challenge, is vital for logistics and network design but limited by exponential complexity in large instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Václav Blažej , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Foivos Fioravantes , Paweł Rzążewski , Ondřej Suchý

We present a new $(\frac32+\frac1{\mathrm{e}})$-approximation algorithm for the Ordered Traveling Salesperson Problem (Ordered TSP). Ordered TSP is a variant of the classical metric Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) where a specified…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Susanne Armbruster , Matthias Mnich , Martin Nägele

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimisation problem involving two interdependent NP-hard components: the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the knapsack problem (KP). Recent state-of-the-art TTP solvers modify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Majid Namazi , Conrad Sanderson , M. A. Hakim Newton , Abdul Sattar

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most often-used NP-Hard problems in computer science to study the effectiveness of computing models and hardware platforms. In this regard, it is also heavily used as a vehicle to study the…

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

A fundamental variant of the classical traveling salesman problem (TSP) is the so-called multiple TSP (mTSP), where a set of $m$ salesmen jointly visit all cities from a set of $n$ cities. The mTSP models many important real-life…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Kristóf Bérczi , Matthias Mnich , Roland Vincze

The dynamic programming solution to the traveling salesman problem due to Bellman, and independently Held and Karp, runs in time $O(2^n n^2)$, with no improvement in the last sixty years. We break this barrier for the first time by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Mihail Stoian

Recent works on cost based relaxations have improved Constraint Programming (CP) models for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). We provide a short survey over solving asymmetric TSP with CP. Then, we suggest new implied propagators based…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Jean-Guillaume Fages , Xavier Lorca

In the bipartite travelling salesman problem (BTSP), we are given $n=2k$ cities along with an $n\times n$ distance matrix and a partition of the cities into $k$ red and $k$ blue cities. The task is to find a shortest tour which alternately…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Vladimir G. Deineko , Bettina Klinz , Gerhard J. Woeginger

We propose UTSP, an unsupervised learning (UL) framework for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We train a Graph Neural Network (GNN) using a surrogate loss. The GNN outputs a heat map representing the probability for each edge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Yimeng Min , Yiwei Bai , Carla P. Gomes

Several important optimization problems in the area of vehicle routing can be seen as a variant of the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). In the area of evolutionary computation, the traveling thief problem (TTP) has gained…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Jakob Bossek , Katrin Casel , Pascal Kerschke , Frank Neumann

This paper considers a Min-Max Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP), where the goal is to find a set of tours, one for each agent, to collectively visit all the cities while minimizing the length of the longest tour. Though MTSP has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yifan Guo , Zhongqiang Ren , Chen Wang

We consider the time-dependent traveling salesman problem (TDTSP), a generalization of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem (ATSP) to incorporate time-dependent cost functions. In our model, the costs of an arc can change arbitrarily…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-04 Christoph Hansknecht , Imke Joormann , Sebastian Stiller