Related papers: Improvements in Birch's theorem on forms in many v…

For pedagogical purposes (inclusion in lecture notes) we review the proof of the theorem stated in the title. At the end we state a problem.

In this article, using only elementary knowledge of complex numbers, we sketch a proof of the celebrated Abel--Ruffini theorem, which states that the general solution to an algebraic equation of degree five or more cannot be written using…

We prove that Prym varieties of algebraic curves with two smooth fixed points of involution are exactly the indecomposable principally polarized abelian varieties whose theta-functions provide explicit formulae for integrable 2D…

In this paper, we study the discrete Kirchhoff-Choquard equation $$ -\left(a+b \int_{\mathbb{Z}^3}|\nabla u|^{2} d \mu\right) \Delta u+V(x) u=\left(R_{\alpha} *F(u)\right)f(u),\quad x\in \mathbb{Z}^3, $$ where $a,\,b>0$ are constants,…

We show that a solvable real rigid Lie algebra is not completelt rigid, by constructing an example of minimal dimension where the external torus is not spanned by $ad$-semisimple derivations over $\mathbb{R}$. We analyze the real forms of…

The generic quadratic form of even dimension n with trivial discriminant over an arbitrary field of characteristic different from 2 containing a square root of -1 can be written in the Witt ring as a sum of 2-fold Pfister forms using n-2…

Hilbert showed that for most $(n,m)$ there exist psd forms $p(x_1,...,x_n)$ of degree $m$ which cannot be written as a sum of squares of forms. His 17th problem asked whether, in this case, there exists a form $h$ so that $h^2p$ is a sum of…

A very small amount of K\"ahler algebra (i.e. Clifford algebra of differential forms) in the real plane makes x + ydxdy emerge as a factor between the differentials of the Cartesian and polar coordinates, largely replacing the concept of…

We construct smooth rational real algebraic varieties of every dimension $\ge$ 4 which admit infinitely many pairwise non-isomorphic real forms.

We have developed in the past several algorithms with intrinsic complexity bounds for the problem of point finding in real algebraic varieties. Our aim here is to give a comprehensive presentation of the geometrical tools which are…

Let $F_1,\ldots,F_R$ be homogeneous polynomials of degree $d\ge 2$ with integer coefficients in $n$ variables, and let $\mathbf{F}=(F_1,\ldots,F_R)$. Suppose that $F_1,\ldots,F_R$ is a non-singular system and $n\ge 4^{d+2}d^2R^5$. We prove…

Let $R = k[x_1,\ldots, x_d]$ denote a standard graded polynomial ring over an algebraically closed field $k$, and let $I \subset R$ be a perfect ideal of codimension $2$ with an $n\times (n-1)$ linear presentation matrix $\phi$. We prove an…

Let $k$ be a number field and let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a ${\rm GL}_2$-type variety defined over $k$ of dimension $d$. We show that for every prime number $p$ satisfying certain conditions (see Theorem 2), if the local-global divisibility…

A rational vector field on a complex projective smooth surface $S$ is said to be birationally integrable if it generates, by integration, a one-parameter subgroup of the group $\operatorname{Bir}(S)$ of birational transformations of $S$. We…

Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve with conductor $N=N_+N_-$, where $N_+$ and $N_-$ are coprime and $N_-$ is squarefree. Let $D$ be a positive fundamental discriminant satisfying the modified Heegner hypothesis with respect to…

Let $G$ be a simple linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic $p \geq 0$ and let $V$ be an irreducible rational $G$-module with highest weight $\lambda$. When $V$ is self-dual, a basic question to ask…

We improve Irving's method of the double-sieve by using the DHR sieve. By extending the upper and lower sieve functions into their respective non-elementary ranges, we are able to make improvements on the previous records on the number of…

We study the extremal function $S^k_d(n)$, defined as the maximum number of regular $(k-1)$-simplices spanned by $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$. For any fixed $d\geq2k\geq6$, we determine the asymptotic behavior of $S^k_d(n)$ up to a…

We show that if $\mathcal{L}_1$ and $\mathcal{L}_2$ are linear transformations from $\mathbb{Z}^d$ to $\mathbb{Z}^d$ satisfying certain mild conditions, then, for any finite subset $A$ of $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $$|\mathcal{L}_1 A+\mathcal{L}_2…

Working in the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation on the real numbers, we answer several questions of Meer and Ziegler. First, we show that, for each natural number d, an oracle for the set of algebraic real numbers of degree at most d is…