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We introduce a probabilistic robustness measure for Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs), defined as the probability that, given a test point, there exists a point within a bounded set such that the BNN prediction differs between the two. Such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Luca Cardelli , Marta Kwiatkowska , Luca Laurenti , Nicola Paoletti , Andrea Patane , Matthew Wicker

We establish a framework for the study of the effective theory of weak convergence of measures. We define two effective notions of weak convergence of measures on $\mathbb{R}$: one uniform and one non-uniform. We show that these notions are…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Timothy H. McNicholl , Diego A. Rojas

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

A circle, centered at the origin and with radius chosen so that it has non-empty intersection with the integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$, gives rise to a probability measure on the unit circle in a natural way. Such measures, and their weak…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-12 Par Kurlberg , Igor Wigman

Analogously to the space of virtual permutations, we define projective limits of isometries: these sequences of unitary operators are natural in the sense that they minimize the rank norm between successive matrices of increasing sizes. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-15 P. Bourgade , J. Najnudel , A. Nikeghbali

The Wigner function of quantum systems is an effective instrument to construct the approximate classical description of the systems for which the classical approximation is possible. During the last time, the Wigner function formalism is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Constantin V. Usenko

We exhibit a functor from the category OUS of order unit spaces and positive, unit-preserving mappings into the category $\Prob$ of probabilistic models (test spaces with designated state spaces) and morphisms thereof. Restricted to any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 John Harding , Alex Wilce

This paper is a continuation of our work on the functional-analytic core of the classical Furstenberg-Zimmer theory. We introduce and study (in the framework of lattice-ordered spaces) the notions of total order-boundedness and uniform…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Markus Haase , Henrik Kreidler

Although copulas are used and defined for various infinite-dimensional objects (e.g. Gaussian processes and Markov processes), there is no prevalent notion of a copula that unifies these concepts. We propose a unified approach and define…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-23 Fred Espen Benth , Giulia Di Nunno , Dennis Schroers

We characterize a value of an observable by a `sum rule' for generally non-commuting observables and a `product rule' when restricted to a maximal commuting subalgebra of observables together with the requirement that the value is unity for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-28 Akio Hosoya , Minoru Koga

We study existence and uniqueness of invariant probability measures for continuous-time Markov processes on general state spaces. Existence is obtained from tightness of time averages under a weak regularity assumption inspired by…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Jean-Gabriel Attali

Probability metrics constitute an important tool in probability theory and statistics \cite{DKS91}, \cite{R91}, \cite{Z83} as they are specific metrics on spaces of random variables which, by satisfying an extra condition, concord well with…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Ben Berckmoes , Bob Lowen

Certain countably and finitely additive measures can be associated to a given nonnegative supermartingale. Under weak assumptions on the underlying probability space, existence and (non)uniqueness results for such measures are proven.

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-23 Nicolas Perkowski , Johannes Ruf

Convergence properties of Shannon Entropy are studied. In the differential setting, it is shown that weak convergence of probability measures, or convergence in distribution, is not enough for convergence of the associated differential…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Francisco J. Piera , Patricio Parada

Quantization for a Borel probability measure refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability with support containing a finite number of elements. If in the quantization some of the elements in the support are…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Pigar Biteng , Mathieu Caguiat , Tsianna Dominguez , Mrinal Kanti Roychowdhury

This paper presents a new general formulation of the Radon-Nikodym theorem in the setting of abstract measure theory. We introduce the notion of weak localizability for a measure and show that this property is both necessary and sufficient…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Paolo Roselli , Michel Willem

We show that a family of random variables is uniformly integrable if and only if it is stochastically bounded in the increasing convex order by an integrable random variable. This result is complemented by proving analogous statements for…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-06-06 Lasse Leskelä , Matti Vihola

We present a complex probability measure relevant for double (pairs of) states in quantum mechanics, as an extension of the standard probability measure for single states that underlies Born's statistical rule. When the double states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-17 Tatsuya Morita , Toshihiko Sasaki , Izumi Tsutsui

We present a complexity measure for any finite time series. This measure has invariance under any monotonic transformation of the time series, has a degree of robustness against noise, and has the adaptability of satisfying almost all the…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2008-11-25 Da-Guan Ke , Qin-Ye Tong

We utilize quantum superposition principle to establish the improvable upper and lower bounds on the stronger uncertainty relation, i.e., the "weighted-like" sum of the variances of observables. Our bounds include some free parameters which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Jun Zhang , Yang Zhang , Chang-shui Yu