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A graph is \textit{rigid} if it only admits the identity endomorphism. We show that for every $d\ge 3$ there exist infinitely many mutually rigid $d$-regular graphs of arbitrary odd girth $g\geq 7$. Moreover, we determine the minimum order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Kolja Knauer , Gil Puig i Surroca

Due to their flexibility to represent almost any kind of relational data, graph-based models have enjoyed a tremendous success over the past decades. While graphs are inherently only combinatorial objects, however, many prominent analysis…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Michaël Fanuel , Antoine Aspeel , Michael T. Schaub , Jean-Charles Delvenne

Deciding whether a given graph has a square root is a classical problem that has been studied extensively both from graph theoretic and from algorithmic perspectives. The problem is NP-complete in general, and consequently substantial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Petr A. Golovach , Pinar Heggernes , Dieter Kratsch , Paloma T. Lima , Daniel Paulusma

We develop a rigidity theory for bar-joint frameworks in Euclidean $d$-space in which specified classes of edges are allowed to change length in a coordinated fashion that requires differences of lengths to be preserved within each class.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Bernd Schulze , Hattie Serocold , Louis Theran

A graph drawing in the plane is called an almost embedding if images of any two non-adjacent simplices (i.e. vertices or edges) are disjoint. We introduce integer invariants of almost embeddings: winding number, cyclic and triodic Wu…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-19 E. Alkin , E. Bordacheva , A. Miroshnikov , O. Nikitenko , A. Skopenkov

For $n\in\nats$ and $3\leq k\leq n$ we compute the exact value of $E_k(n)$, the maximum number of edges of a simple planar graph on $n$ vertices where each vertex bounds an $\ell$-gon where $\ell\geq k$. The lower bound of $E_k(n)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Geir Agnarsson , Jill Bigley Dunham

The unit distance embeddability of a graph, like planarity, involves a mix of constraints that are combinatorial and geometric. We construct a unit distance embedding for $H-e$ in the hope that it will lead to an embedding for $H$. We then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-11-08 Mitchell A. Harris

Graph polynomials encode fundamental combinatorial invariants of graphs. Their computation is investigated using tree and path decomposition frameworks, with formal definitions of treewidth, k-trees, and pathwidth establishing the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mehul Bafna , Shaghik Amirian

A realisation of a graph in the plane as a bar-joint framework is rigid if there are finitely many other realisations, up to isometries, with the same edge lengths. Each of these finitely-many realisations can be seen as a solution to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Oliver Clarke , Sean Dewar , Daniel Green Tripp , James Maxwell , Anthony Nixon , Yue Ren , Ben Smith

We explore the rigidity of generic frameworks in 3-dimensions whose underlying graph is close to being planar. Specifically we consider apex graphs, edge-apex graphs and their variants and prove independence results in the generic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Eleftherios Kastis , Anthony Nixon , Brigitte Servatius

We provide a way of determining the infinitesimal rigidity of rod configurations realizing a rank two incidence geometry in the Euclidean plane. We model each rod with a cone over its point set and prove that the resulting geometric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-28 Signe Lundqvist , Klara Stokes , Lars-Daniel Öhman

Graph embedding is a transformation of nodes of a graph into a set of vectors. A~good embedding should capture the graph topology, node-to-node relationship, and other relevant information about the graph, its subgraphs, and nodes. If these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Arash Dehghan-Kooshkghazi , Bogumił Kamiński , Łukasz Kraiński , Paweł Prałat , François Théberge

In general graph theory, the only relationship between vertices are expressed via the edges. When the vertices are embedded in an Euclidean space, the geometric relationships between vertices and edges can be interesting objects of study.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Chai Wah Wu

We present the first algorithm to morph graphs on the torus. Given two isotopic essentially 3-connected embeddings of the same graph on the Euclidean flat torus, where the edges in both drawings are geodesics, our algorithm computes a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Erin Wolf Chambers , Jeff Erickson , Patrick Lin , Salman Parsa

Greedy embedding (or drawing) is a simple and efficient strategy to route messages in wireless sensor networks. For each source-destination pair of nodes s, t in a greedy embedding there is always a neighbor u of s that is closer to t…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-06-24 Martin Nöllenburg , Roman Prutkin

A book embedding of a graph consists of an embedding of its vertices along the spine of a book, and an embedding of its edges on the pages such that edges embedded on the same page do not intersect. The pagenumber is the minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Zeling Shao , Chunjin Ren , Zhiguo Li

We introduce new distance measures for comparing straight-line embedded graphs based on the Fr\'echet distance and the weak Fr\'echet distance. These graph distances are defined using continuous mappings and thus take the combinatorial…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Hugo A. Akitaya , Maike Buchin , Bernhard Kilgus , Stef Sijben , Carola Wenk

Graph rigidity, the study of vertex realizations in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and the motions that preserve the induced edge lengths, has been the focus of extensive research for decades. Its equivalency to graph connectivity for $d=1$ is well known;…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Juan F. Presenza , Ignacio Mas , Juan I. Giribet , J. Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin

A framework (a straight-line embedding of a graph into a normed space allowing edges to cross) is globally rigid if any other framework with the same edge lengths with respect to the chosen norm is an isometric copy. We investigate global…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Sean Dewar

In this paper we study the property of generic global rigidity for frameworks of graphs embedded in d-dimensional complex space and in a d-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space ($R^d$ with a metric of indefinite signature). We show that a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-08-29 Steven J. Gortler , Dylan P. Thurston