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Deep learning transformer models become important by training on text data based on self-attention mechanisms. This manuscript demonstrated a novel universal spam detection model using pre-trained Google's Bidirectional Encoder…

Spam reviews are a pervasive problem on online platforms due to its significant impact on reputation. However, research into spam detection in data streams is scarce. Another concern lies in their need for transparency. Consequently, this…

Text-based communication is highly favoured as a communication method, especially in business environments. As a result, it is often abused by sending malicious messages, e.g., spam emails, to deceive users into relaying personal…

The biological immune system is a robust, complex, adaptive system that defends the body from foreign pathogens. It is able to categorize all cells (or molecules) within the body as self-cells or non-self cells. It does this with the help…

In this paper we discuss the techniques involved in the design of the famous statistical spam filters that include Naive Bayes, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Bayes Additive…

Spammer detection on social network is a challenging problem. The rigid anti-spam rules have resulted in emergence of "smart" spammers. They resemble legitimate users who are difficult to identify. In this paper, we present a novel spammer…

The growing sophistication of Business Email Compromise (BEC) and spear phishing attacks poses significant challenges to organizations worldwide. The techniques featured in traditional spam and phishing detection are insufficient due to the…

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are computer systems which monitor a network with the aim of discerning malicious from benign activity on that network. While a wide range of approaches have met varying levels of success, most…

Characterizing the reputation of an evaluator is particularly significant for consumer to obtain useful information from online rating systems. Furthermore, to overcome the difficulties with spam attacks on the rating system and to get the…

Deep learning has revolutionized email filtering, which is critical to protect users from cyber threats such as spam, malware, and phishing. However, the increasing sophistication of adversarial attacks poses a significant challenge to the…

There is a tremendous increase in spam traffic these days. Spam messages muddle up users inbox, consume network resources, and build up DDoS attacks, spread worms and viruses. Our goal is to present a definite figure about the…

This paper reports on an experiment into text-based phishing detection using readily available resources and without the use of semantics. The developed algorithm is a modified version of previously published work that works with the same…

In this article, we explored orthogonal methods to analyze malware motivated by signal and image processing. Malware samples are represented as images or signals. Image and signal-based features are extracted to characterize malware. Our…

Search engines are the most important tools for web data acquisition. Web pages are crawled and indexed by search Engines. Users typically locate useful web pages by querying a search engine. One of the challenges in search engines…

We present an approach to email filtering based on the suffix tree data structure. A method for the scoring of emails using the suffix tree is developed and a number of scoring and score normalisation functions are tested. Our results show…

Online reviews are a vital source of information when purchasing a service or a product. Opinion spammers manipulate these reviews, deliberately altering the overall perception of the service. Though there exists a corpus of online reviews,…

In this digital era, online shopping is common practice in our daily lives. Product reviews significantly influence consumer buying behavior and help establish buyer trust. However, the prevalence of fraudulent reviews undermines this trust…

Email threat is a serious issue for enterprise security. The threat can be in various malicious forms, such as phishing, fraud, blackmail and malvertisement. The traditional anti-spam gateway often maintains a greylist to filter out…

The biological immune system is a robust, complex, adaptive system that defends the body from foreign pathogens. It is able to categorize all cells (or molecules) within the body as self-cells or non-self cells. It does this with the help…

The biological immune system is a robust, complex, adaptive system that defends the body from foreign pathogens. It is able to categorize all cells (or molecules) within the body as self or non-self substances. It does this with the help of…