Related papers: An Improved AIS Based E-mail Classification Techni…

Naive Bayes spam filters are highly susceptible to data poisoning attacks. Here, known spam sources/blacklisted IPs exploit the fact that their received emails will be treated as (ground truth) labeled spam examples, and used for classifier…

Biologically-inspired methods such as evolutionary algorithms and neural networks are proving useful in the field of information fusion. Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) are a biologically-inspired approach which take inspiration from the…

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Unsolicited Bulk Emails (also known as Spam) are undesirable emails sent to massive number of users. Spam emails consume the network resources and cause lots of security uncertainties. As we studied, the location where the spam filter…

The email is used daily by millions of people to communicate around the globe and it is a mission-critical application for many businesses. Over the last decade, unsolicited bulk email has become a major problem for email users. An…

The immune system is a complex biological system with a highly distributed, adaptive and self-organising nature. This paper presents an Artificial Immune System (AIS) that exploits some of these characteristics and is applied to the task of…

Phishing and spam detection is long standing challenge that has been the subject of much academic research. Large Language Models (LLM) have vast potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve…

Consumers' purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by user-generated online reviews. Accordingly, there has been growing concern about the potential for posting deceptive opinion spam fictitious reviews that have been deliberately…

The immune system is a highly parallel and distributed intelligent system which has learning, memory, and associative capabilities. Artificial Immune System is an evolutionary paradigm inspired by the biological aspects of the immune system…

In spam and malware detection, attackers exploit randomization to obfuscate malicious data and increase their chances of evading detection at test time; e.g., malware code is typically obfuscated using random strings or byte sequences to…

In this paper, we propose a new methodology based on the Negative Selection Algorithm that belongs to the field of Computational Intelligence, specifically, Artificial Immune Systems to identify takeover targets. Although considerable…

The human immune system has numerous properties that make it ripe for exploitation in the computational domain, such as robustness and fault tolerance, and many different algorithms, collectively termed Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), have…

Machine learning models have been widely used in security applications such as intrusion detection, spam filtering, and virus or malware detection. However, it is well-known that adversaries are always trying to adapt their attacks to evade…

The human body has a very effective Immune system used to protect the body from dangerous foreign pathogens. This paper aims at studying the immunology and understanding how it works, it also shaded light on the usage of the immunology…

Pattern recognition and machine learning techniques have been increasingly adopted in adversarial settings such as spam, intrusion and malware detection, although their security against well-crafted attacks that aim to evade detection by…

Electronic mail services have become an important source of communication for millions of people all over the world. Due to this tremendous growth, there has been a significant increase in spam traffic. Spam messes up user's inbox, consumes…

Proof-of-work (POW) schemes have been proposed in the past. One prominent system is HASHCASH (Back, 2002) which uses cryptographic puzzles . However, work by Laurie and Clayton (2004) has shown that for a uniform proof-of-work scheme on…

Recent spam email techniques exploit visual effects in text messages, such as poisoning text, obfuscating words, and hidden text salting techniques. These effects were able to evade spam detection techniques based on the text. In this…

Web spam refers to some techniques, which try to manipulate search engine ranking algorithms in order to raise web page position in search engine results. In the best case, spammers encourage viewers to visit their sites, and provide…

The immune system is a complex biological system with a highly distributed, adaptive and self-organising nature. This paper presents an artificial immune system (AIS) that exploits some of these characteristics and is applied to the task of…