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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved striking successes on many benchmarks, yet recent studies continue to expose fundamental weaknesses. In this paper, we introduce Concept, a simple word-guessing board game, as a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ine Gevers , Walter Daelemans

Knowledge graphs (KGs) play a crucial role in many applications, such as question answering, but incompleteness is an urgent issue for their broad application. Much research in knowledge graph completion (KGC) has been performed to resolve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yinyu Lan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning abilities are increasingly being applied to classical board and card games, but the dominant approach -- involving prompting for direct move generation -- has significant drawbacks. It relies on the…

Game Description Generation (GDG) is the task of generating a game description written in a Game Description Language (GDL) from natural language text. Previous studies have explored generation methods leveraging the contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Tsunehiko Tanaka , Edgar Simo-Serra

Differentiable inductive logic programming (ILP) techniques have proven effective at finding approximate rule-based solutions to link prediction and node classification problems on knowledge graphs; however, the common assumption of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Blair Johnson , Clayton Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

General Video Game Playing (GVGP) is a field of Artificial Intelligence where agents play a variety of real-time video games that are unknown in advance. This limits the use of domain-specific heuristics. Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Chiara F. Sironi , Torsten Schuster , Mark H. M. Winands

3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) is a transformative technique with profound implications on novel view synthesis and real-time rendering. Given its importance, there have been many attempts to improve its performance. However, with the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yi Hu , Huiyang Zhou

Optimizing GPU kernels with LLM agents is an iterative process over a large design space. Every candidate must be generated, compiled, validated, and profiled, so fewer trials will save both runtime and cost. We make two key observations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Vignesh Balaji , Sana Damani , Qijing Huang , Christos Kozyrakis

Knowledge graph (KG) reasoning is a task that aims to predict unknown facts based on known factual samples. Reasoning methods can be divided into two categories: rule-based methods and KG-embedding based methods. The former possesses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fengsong Sun , Jinyu Wang , Zhiqing Wei , Xianchao Zhang

This paper presents a novel framework for automated game template generation by transforming Game Design Documents (GDDs) into functional Unity game prototypes using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and multi-modal Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amna Hassan

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models remains a critical challenge in artificial intelligence. We introduce RDoLT, Recursive Decomposition of Logical Thought prompting, a novel framework that significantly boosts LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Kaleem Ullah Qasim , Jiashu Zhang , Tariq Alsahfi , Ateeq Ur Rehman Butt

Recent procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) methods allow learning from existing content to produce similar content automatically. While these approaches are able to generate content for different games (e.g. Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Vanessa Volz , Niels Justesen , Sam Snodgrass , Sahar Asadi , Sami Purmonen , Christoffer Holmgård , Julian Togelius , Sebastian Risi

Creatively translating complex gameplay ideas into executable artifacts (e.g., games as Unity projects and code) remains a central challenge in computational game creativity. Gameplay design patterns provide a structured representation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Hugh Xuechen Liu , Kıvanç Tatar

Existing granular-ball generation methods are still mainly driven by handcrafted quality measures and heuristic splitting or stopping criteria, which may weaken the transparency of local generation decisions in clustering. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zeqiang Xian , Caihui Liu , Yong Zhang , Wenjing Qiu , Duoqian Miao , Witold Pedrycz

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities but struggle with hallucinations and limited transparency. Recently, KG-enhanced LLMs that integrate knowledge graphs (KGs) have been shown to improve reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Minbae Park , Hyemin Yang , Jeonghyun Kim , Kunsoo Park , Hyunjoon Kim

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models without extensive reliance on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT). In this work, we revisit the traditional Policy Gradient (PG) mechanism and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiangxiang Chu , Hailang Huang , Xiao Zhang , Fei Wei , Yong Wang

Safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a critical issue given their rapid progresses. Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) is shown to be effective in constructing adversarial prompts to break the aligned LLMs, but optimization of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Yiran Zhao , Wenyue Zheng , Tianle Cai , Xuan Long Do , Kenji Kawaguchi , Anirudh Goyal , Michael Shieh

In a Stackelberg congestion game (SCG), a leader aims to maximize their own gain by anticipating and manipulating the equilibrium state at which the followers settle by playing a congestion game. Often formulated as bilevel programs,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jiayang Li , Jing Yu , Qianni Wang , Boyi Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yu Marco Nie

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) refers to the practice, in videogames and other games, of generating content such as levels, quests, or characters algorithmically. Motivated by the need to make games replayable, as well as to reduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Sebastian Risi , Julian Togelius

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable few-shot performance on many natural language understanding tasks. Despite several demonstrations of using large language models in complex, strategic scenarios, there lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Roman Hauksson , Grace Sodunke , Suhas Hariharan , Carlson Cheng , Wenjie Li , Joshua Clymer , Arjun Yadav