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Hawking's model of black hole evaporation is not unitary and leads to a mixed density matrix for the emitted radiation, while the Page model describes a unitary evaporation process in which the density matrix evolves from an almost thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-02 Lasma Alberte , Ram Brustein , Andrei Khmelnitsky , A. J. M. Medved

Transfer of quantum information from the interior of a black hole to its atmosphere is described, in models based on effective field theory. This description illustrates that such transfer need not be violent to the semiclassical geometry…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-02 Steven B. Giddings , Yinbo Shi

Emergent modified gravity provides a covariant framework for holonomy effects in models of loop quantum gravity with consistent black hole solutions coupled to a scalar field. Several independent studies of the Hawking thermal distribution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Idrus Husin Belfaqih , Martin Bojowald , Suddhasattwa Brahma , Erick I. Duque

We explain how Hawking radiation stores significant amount of information in high-order correlations of quantum fields. This information can be retrieved by multi-time measurements on the quantum fields close to the black hole horizon. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Charis Anastopoulos , Konstantina Savvidou

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

In recent papers we had developed a unified picture of black hole entropy and curvature which was shown to lead to Hawking radiation. It was shown that for any black hole mass, holography implies a phase space of just one quantum associated…

General Physics · Physics 2012-02-08 C. Sivaram , Kenath Arun

We present the quantization of the electromagnetic field near the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole using Euclidean path integrals. Our result for the vacuum energy describes a black hole surrounded by a finite volume of photons…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Victor H. Alencar

We describe a model for unitary black hole evaporation with no information loss in terms of a quantum computation. We assume that there is a fine tuned interaction between the qubits of the black hole Bell states which is the inverse of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-03 Edi Halyo

We study the corpuscular model of an evaporating black hole consisting of a specific quantum state for a large number $N$ of self-confined bosons. The single-particle spectrum contains a discrete ground state of energy $m$ (corresponding to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Roberto Casadio , Andrea Giugno , Alessio Orlandi

We provide a simple way for calculating the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole from the entropy of its Hawking radiation. To this end, we show that if a thermodynamic system loses its energy only through the black body radiation, its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-13 Sajad Aghapour , Kamal Hajian

The complete evaporation of black holes, as a natural endpoint of Hawking radiation, gives rise to the black hole information paradox, which fundamentally challenges the principles of unitarity and information conservation in quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Zhilong Liu , Wentao Liu , Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang

We observe spontaneous Hawking radiation, stimulated by quantum vacuum fluctuations, emanating from an analogue black hole in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Correlations are observed between the Hawking particles outside the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-09 Jeff Steinhauer

In the frame of Hamilton-Jacobi method, the back-reactions of the radiating particles together with the total entropy change of the whole system are investigated. The emission probability from this process is found to be equivalent to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-22 Chikun Ding

We investigate a plausible route to resolving the black hole information paradox by examining the effects of decoherence on Hawking radiation. In particular, we show that a finite but non-zero rate of decoherence can lead to efficient…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-28 Kartiek Agarwal , Ning Bao

A candidate parameterization is introduced, in an effective field theory framework, for the quantum information transfer from a black hole that is necessary to restore unitarity. This in particular allows description of the effects of this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-10-18 Steven B. Giddings

In the context of a two-dimensional exactly solvable model, the dynamics of quantum black holes is obtained by analytically continuing the description of the regime where no black hole is formed. The resulting spectrum of outgoing radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 D. Amati , J. G. Russo

We examine the basic assumptions in the original setup of the firewall paradox. The main claim is that a single mode of the lathe radiation is maximally entangled with the mode inside the horizon and simultaneously with the modes of early…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-04 John Hutchinson , Dejan Stojkovic

We reconsider the black hole firewall puzzle, emphasizing that quantum error-correction, computational complexity, and pseudorandomness are crucial concepts for understanding the black hole interior. We assume that the Hawking radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-09 Isaac H. Kim , Eugene Tang , John Preskill

Black hole entropy is identified with the counting of the dynamical degrees of freedom of trapped gravitational modes continually sourced by the Hawking-Unruh process. In the context of linear perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-14 Seth Major , Daniel Rodriguez , Thomas Takis

We develop and analyze a two-oscillator model for black hole evaporation in which an effective geometric degree of freedom and a representative Hawking radiation mode are described by coupled harmonic oscillators with opposite signs in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Erfan Bayenat , Babak Vakili