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We study the computational complexity of Nash equilibria in concurrent games with limit-average objectives. In particular, we prove that the existence of a Nash equilibrium in randomised strategies is undecidable, while the existence of a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-29 Michael Ummels , Dominik Wojtczak

Self-play is a technique for machine learning in multi-agent systems where a learning algorithm learns by interacting with copies of itself. Self-play is useful for generating large quantities of data for learning, but has the drawback that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Revan MacQueen , James R. Wright

We propose a toy model for a stochastic description of the competition between two athletes of unequal strength, whose average strength difference is represented by a parameter $d$. The athletes interact through the choice of their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-05-24 Cecile Appert-Rolland , Hendrik-Jan Hilhorst , Amandine Aftalion

The game of \emph{Showcase Showdown} with unlimited spins is investigated as an $n$-players continuous game, and the Nash Equilibrium strategies for the players are obtained. The sequential game with information on the results of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 L. Bayón , P. Fortuny ayuso , J. M. Grau , A. M. Oller-Marcén , M. M Ruíz

We study repeated games where players use an exponential learning scheme in order to adapt to an ever-changing environment. If the game's payoffs are subject to random perturbations, this scheme leads to a new stochastic version of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Aris L. Moustakas

We extend the study of learning in games to dynamics that exhibit non-asymptotic stability. We do so through the notion of uniform stability, which is concerned with equilibria of individually utility-seeking dynamics. Perhaps surprisingly,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Geelon So , Yi-An Ma

This work addresses the issue of the convergence of an $N$-player game towards a limit model involving a continuum of players, as the number of agents $N$ goes to infinity. More precisely, we investigate the convergence of Nash equilibria…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-03 João Miguel Machado , Guilherme Mazanti , Laurent Pfeiffer

In this short note we study a class of multi-player, turn-based games with deterministic state transitions and reachability / safety objectives (this class contains as special cases "classic" two-player reachability and safety games as well…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Athanasios Kehagias

We consider a 3-player game in the normal form, in which each player has two actions. We assume that the game is symmetric and repeated infinitely many times. At each stage players make their choices knowing only the average payoffs from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-16 Tadeusz Kufel , Sławomir Plaskacz , Joanna Zwierzchowska

The concept of Nash equilibrium in behavioral strategies (NashEBS) was formulated By Nash~\cite{Nash (1951)} for an extensive-form game through global rationality of nonconvex payoff functions. Kuhn's payoff equivalence theorem resolves the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-22 Yiyin Cao , Chuangyin Dang

Potential-based reward shaping is commonly used to incorporate prior knowledge of how to solve the task into reinforcement learning because it can formally guarantee policy invariance. As such, the optimal policy and the ordering of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Henrik Müller , Daniel Kudenko

Game theory serves as a powerful tool for distributed optimization in multi-agent systems in different applications. In this paper we consider multi-agent systems that can be modeled by means of potential games whose potential function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Tatiana Tatarenko

We develop a general game-theoretic framework for reasoning about strategic agents performing possibly costly computation. In this framework, many traditional game-theoretic results (such as the existence of a Nash equilibrium) no longer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

We investigate the convergence of symmetric stochastic differential games with interactions via control, where the volatility terms of both idiosyncratic and common noises are controlled. We apply the stochastic maximum principle, following…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Erhan Bayraktar , Hiroaki Horikawa

We study equilibrium concepts in non-cooperative games under uncertainty where both beliefs and mixed strategies are represented by non-additive measures (capacities). In contrast to the classical Nash framework based on additive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Taras Radul

We study the behavior of a stochastic variant of replicator dynamics in two-agent zero-sum games. We characterize the statistics of such systems by their invariant measures which can be shown to be entirely supported on the boundary of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-26 Maximilian Engel , Georgios Piliouras

Computing the Nash equilibrium (NE) for N-player non-zerosum stochastic games is a formidable challenge. Currently, algorithmic methods in stochastic game theory are unable to compute NE for stochastic games (SGs) for settings in all but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 David Mguni

In the context of large population symmetric games, approximate Nash equilibria are introduced through equilibrium solutions of the corresponding mean field game in the sense that the individual gain from optimal unilateral deviation under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Mao Fabrice Djete , Nizar Touzi

This paper considers a time-varying game with $N$ players. Every time slot, players observe their own random events and then take a control action. The events and control actions affect the individual utilities earned by each player. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-04 Michael J. Neely

Model-free learning for multi-agent stochastic games is an active area of research. Existing reinforcement learning algorithms, however, are often restricted to zero-sum games, and are applicable only in small state-action spaces or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Philippe Casgrain , Brian Ning , Sebastian Jaimungal