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We present the results of generalized measurements of optical polarization designed to provide one of three or four distinct outcomes. This has allowed us to discriminate between nonorthogonal polarization states with an error probability…

The dipole moment of any finite and neutral system, having a square-integrable wavefunction, is a well defined quantity. The same quantity is ill-defined for an extended system, whose wavefunction invariably obeys periodic (Born-von Karman)…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Raffaele Resta

The density matrix, \rho, of a model polariton system is obtained numerically from a master equation which takes account of pumping and losses. In the stationary limit, the coherences between eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are three orders…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Carlos Andres Vera , Alejandro Cabo , Augusto Gonzalez

The partial scaling transform of the density matrix for multiqubit states is introduced to detect entanglement of quantum states. The transform contains partial transposition as a special case. The scaling transform corresponds to partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Lupo , V. Man'ko , G. Marmo , E. C. G. Sudarshan

A statistical model for the polarization of pulsar radio emission is enhanced to account for the heavy modulation of the emission, the possible covariance of the Stokes parameters, and the observed asymmetries in the distributions of total…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 M. M. McKinnon

Non-classical joint measurements can hugely improve the efficiency with which certain figures of merit of quantum systems are measured. We use such a measurement to determine a particular figure of merit, the purity, for a polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. B. A. Adamson , L. K. Shalm , A. M. Steinberg

The operational approach to the measurement of phase studied by Noh, Fougeres and Mandel is applied to the measurement of the state of polarization of fully polarized light. Operational counterparts of the quantum Stokes parameters are…

Optics · Physics 2009-10-31 T. Hakioglu

Phase modulation has emerged as a technique to create and manipulate high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement. A necessary step to extending this technique to depolarized channels, such as those in a quantum networking environment, is…

The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo

The formalism is developed for a tree-dimensional ($3D$) nonlinear Stokes-Mueller polarimetry. The expressions are derived for the generalized $3D$ linear and nonlinear Stokes vectors, and the corresponding nonlinear Mueller matrix. The…

General Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Serguei Krouglov , Virginijus Barzda

The feasibility of complete photoionization experiments, in which the full set of photoionization matrix elements are determined, using multiphoton ionization schemes with polarization-shaped pulses has recently been demonstrated [Hockett…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-07-22 P. Hockett , M. Wollenhaupt , C. Lux , T. Baumert

An approach is suggested for treating multiscale fluctuations in macromolecular systems. The emphasis is on the statistical properties of such fluctuations. The approach is illustrated by a macromolecular system with mesoscopic fluctuations…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-08-07 V. I. Yukalov , E. P. Yukalova

A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton polariton condensate, to gain a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Zhedong Zhang , Shixuan Zhao , Dangyuan Lei

We consider statistical methods based on finite samples of locally randomized measurements in order to certify different degrees of multiparticle entanglement in intermediate-scale quantum systems. We first introduce hierarchies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Andreas Ketterer , Satoya Imai , Nikolai Wyderka , Otfried Gühne

One drawback of conventional quantum state tomography is that it does not readily provide access to single density matrix elements, since it requires a global reconstruction. Here we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 G. S. Thekkadath , L. Giner , Y. Chalich , M. J. Horton , J. Banker , J. S. Lundeen

The paper is devoted to further development of the new approach in equilibrium statistical mechanics the basis of which was worked out in a series of articles by the author. The approach proceeds on the use of a hierarchy of equations for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-17 V. A. Golovko

The present article proposes a measure of correlation for multiqubit mixed states. The measure is defined recursively, accumulating the correlation of the subspaces, making it simple to calculate without using of regression. Unlike usual…

Inspired by recent use of polarimetry to study the Cosmic Microwave Background and extragalatic supernovae, a foray into the statistical properties of Stokes parameters expressed in spherical coordinates is began, allowing circular…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-19 Jason L. Quinn

We introduce a simplified form of Stokes operators for quantum optical fields that involve the known concept of binning. Behind polarization analyzer photon numbers (more generally intensities) are measured. If the value obtained in one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Konrad Schlichtholz , Bianka Woloncewicz , Marek Żukowski

In the modern theory of polarization, polarization itself is given by a geometric phase. In calculations for interacting systems the polarization and its variance are obtained from the polarization amplitude. We interpret this quantity as a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-02-20 Balázs Hetényi , Balázs Dóra