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A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

Erd\H{o}s proved that there are graphs with arbitrarily large girth and chromatic number. We study the extension of this for generalized chromatic numbers.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Béla Bollobás , Douglas B. West

The spectral properties of signed directed graphs, which may be naturally obtained by assigning a sign to each edge of a directed graph, have received substantially less attention than those of their undirected and/or unsigned counterparts.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-12 Pepijn Wissing , Edwin R. van Dam

We examine $t$-colourings of oriented graphs in which, for a fixed integer $k \geq 1$, vertices joined by a directed path of length at most $k$ must be assigned different colours. A homomorphism model that extends the ideas of Sherk for the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Christopher Duffy , Gary MacGillivray , Éric Sopena

Persistent homology, a technique from computational topology, has recently shown strong empirical performance in the context of graph classification. Being able to capture long range graph properties via higher-order topological features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Rubén Ballester , Bastian Rieck

An $(m, n)$-colored mixed graph is a graph having arcs of $m$ different colors and edges of $n$ different colors. A graph homomorphism of an $(m, n$)-colored mixed graph $G$ to an $(m, n)$-colored mixed graph $H$ is a vertex mapping such…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Sandip Das , Soumen Nandi , Debdeep Roy , Sagnik Sen

A large driver of the complexity of graph learning is the interplay between structure and features. When analyzing the expressivity of graph neural networks, however, existing approaches ignore features in favor of structure, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Martin Carrasco , Olga Zaghen , Kavir Sumaraj , Erik Bekkers , Bastian Rieck

We extend the theory of circular game chromatic numbers to signed graphs by defining the invariant $\chi_c^g(G,\sigma)$ for signed graphs $(G,\sigma)$. Our analysis establishes tight bounds dependent on the structural properties of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Pie Desire Ebode Atanhgana

An anagram is a word of the form $WP$ where $W$ is a non-empty word and $P$ is a permutation of $W$. We study anagram-free graph colouring and give bounds on the chromatic number. Alon et al. (2002) asked whether anagram-free chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-15 Tim E. Wilson , David R. Wood

Persistent homology is a mathematical tool used for studying the shape of data by extracting its topological features. It has gained popularity in network science due to its applicability in various network mining problems, including…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Mehmet Emin Aktas , Thu Nguyen , Rakin Riza , Muhammad Ifte Islam , Esra Akbas

The problem of chromatic thresholds seeks for minimum degree conditions that ensure $H$-free graphs to have a bounded chromatic number, or equivalently a bounded size homomorphic image. The strengthened homomorphism thresholds problem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Xinqi Huang , Hong Liu , Mingyuan Rong , Zixiang Xu

We describe parity labelings of signed graphs; equivalently, cuts of the underlying graph that have nearly equal sides. We characterize the balanced signed graphs which are parity signed graphs. We give structural characterizations of all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Mukti Acharya , Joseph Varghese Kureethara , Thomas Zaslavsky

The harmonious chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of colors that can be assigned to the vertices of $G$ in a proper way such that any two distinct edges have different color pairs. This paper gives various results on…

In 1995, Stanley introduced the chromatic symmetric function of a graph, which specializes to its chromatic polynomial, and which has been the focus of intense research. In 2017, Shareshian, Wachs, and Ellzey defined a refinement of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Jean-Christophe Aval , Raquel Melgar

We prove that for every oriented graph $D$ and every choice of positive integers $k$ and $\ell$, there exists an oriented graph $D^*$ along with a surjective homomorphism $\psi\colon V(D^*) \to V(D)$ such that: (i) girth$(D^*) \geq\ell$;…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 P. Mark Kayll , Michael Morris

A signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. In this article, first we characterize the distance compatibility in the case of a connected signed graph and discussed the distance compatibility criterion for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-21 T. V. Shijin , P. Soorya , K. Shahul Hameed , K. A. Germina

The chromatic number of signed graphs is defined recently. The coloring and clique problem of interval graphs has been studied and polynomial time algorithms are established. Here we consider these problems for signed interval graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 F. Ramezani

Map vertices of a graph to (not necessarily distinct) points of the plane so that two adjacent vertices are mapped at least a unit distance apart. The plane-width of a graph is the minimum diameter of the image of the vertex set over all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-01-08 Marcin Kaminski , Paul Medvedev , Martin Milanic

Highly-regular graphs can be regarded as a combinatorial generalization of distance-regular graphs. From this standpoint, we study combinatorial aspects of highly-regular graphs. As a result, we give the following three main results in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Taichi Kousaka

Signed graphs have their edges labeled either as positive or negative. $\rho(M)$ denote the $M$-spectral radius of $\Sigma$, where $M=M(\Sigma)$ is a real symmetric graph matrix of $\Sigma$. Obviously,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Dan Li , Huiqiu Lin , Jixiang Meng