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We present a strict separation between the class of "mismatch free" self-assembly systems and general aTAM systems. Mismatch free systems are those systems in which concurrently grown parts must always agree with each other. Tile…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Florent Becker , Pierre-Étienne Meunier

In the abstract Tile Assembly Model, self-assembling systems consisting of tiles of different colors can form structures on which colored patterns are ``painted.'' We explore the complexity, in terms of the numbers of unique tile types…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Phillip Drake , Matthew J. Patitz , Scott M. Summers , Tyler Tracy

We investigate the power of the Wang tile self-assembly model at temperature 1, a threshold value that permits attachment between any two tiles that share even a single bond. When restricted to deterministic assembly in the plane, no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Matthew Cook , Yunhui Fu , Robert T. Schweller

This paper explores the use of negative (i.e., repulsive) interaction the abstract Tile Assembly Model defined by Winfree. Winfree postulated negative interactions to be physically plausible in his Ph.D. thesis, and Reif, Sahu, and Yin…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-18 David Doty , Lila Kari , Benoit Masson

The connection between self-assembly and computation suggests that a shape can be considered the output of a self-assembly ``program,'' a set of tiles that fit together to create a shape. It seems plausible that the size of the smallest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-22 David Soloveichik , Erik Winfree

The algorithmic self-assembly of shapes has been considered in several models of self-assembly. For the problem of \emph{shape construction}, we consider an extended version of the Two-Handed Tile Assembly Model (2HAM), which contains…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Austin Luchsinger , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

In this paper we explore the power of tile self-assembly models that extend the well-studied abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) by permitting tiles of shapes beyond unit squares. Our main result shows the surprising fact that any aTAM…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-20 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Sándor P. Fekete , Matthew J. Patitz , Robert T. Schweller , Andrew Winslow , Damien Woods

Sequence-directed assembly processes - such as protein folding - allow the assembly of a large number of structures with high accuracy from only a small handful of fundamental building blocks. We aim to explore how efficiently sequence…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Jeremy Guntoro , Thomas Ouldridge

We consider staged self-assembly systems, in which square-shaped tiles can be added to bins in several stages. Within these bins, the tiles may connect to each other, depending on the glue types of their edges. Previous work by Demaine et…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Erik D. Demaine , Sándor P. Fekete , Christian Scheffer , Arne Schmidt

We introduce staged self-assembly of Wang tiles, where tiles can be added dynamically in sequence and where intermediate constructions can be stored for later mixing. This model and its various constraints and performance measures are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2008-03-04 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Sandor P. Fekete , Mashhood Ishaque , Eynat Rafalin , Robert T. Schweller , Diane Souvaine

Self-assembly is a process which is ubiquitous in natural, especially biological systems. It occurs when groups of relatively simple components spontaneously combine to form more complex structures. While such systems have inspired a large…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jerome Durand-Lose , Jacob Hendricks , Matthew J. Patitz , Ian Perkins , Michael Sharp

We present an active tile assembly model which extends Winfree's abstract tile assembly model to tiles that are capable of transmitting and receiving binding site activation signals. In addition, we introduce a mathematical framework to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2012-11-14 Natasha Jonoska , Daria Karpenko

In the abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) square tiles self-assemble, autonomously binding via glues on their edges, to form structures. Algorithmic aTAM systems can be designed in which the patterns of tile attachments are forced to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Andrew Alseth , Matthew J. Patitz

The Tile Automata (TA) model describes self-assembly systems in which monomers can build structures and transition with an adjacent monomer to change their states. This paper shows that seeded TA is a non-committal intrinsically universal…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-07-17 Tim Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Asher Haun , Ryan Knobel , Tom Peters , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

In this paper, we study the minimum number of unique tile types required for the self-assembly of thin rectangles in Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), restricted to temperature-1. Using Catalan numbers, planar self-assembly and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-06-18 David Furcy , Scott M. Summers , Christian Wendlandt

Harnessing the intrinsic dynamics of physical systems for information processing opens new avenues for computation embodied in matter. Using simulations of a model system, we show that assemblies of DNA tiles capable of self-organizing into…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-23 Tim E. Veenstra , René van Roij , Marjolein Dijkstra

Algorithmic self-assembly occurs when disorganized components autonomously combine to form structures and, by their design and the dynamics of the system, are forced to follow the execution of algorithms. Motivated by applications in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

The number of distinguishable inherent structures of a liquid is the key component to understanding the thermodynamics of glass formers. In the case of hard potential systems such as hard discs, spheres and ellipsoids, an inherent structure…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. S. Ashwin , Richard K Bowles

The Tile Assembly Model is a Turing universal model that Winfree introduced in order to study the nanoscale self-assembly of complex (typically aperiodic) DNA crystals. Winfree exhibited a self-assembly that tiles the first quadrant of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-18 Jack H. Lutz , Brad Shutters

Majumder, Reif and Sahu have presented a stochastic model of reversible, error-permitting, two-dimensional tile self-assembly, and showed that restricted classes of tile assembly systems achieved equilibrium in (expected) polynomial time.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-08-04 Aaron Sterling