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The computation of distance measures between nodes in graphs is inefficient and does not scale to large graphs. We explore dense vector representations as an effective way to approximate the same information: we introduce a simple yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Andrey Kutuzov , Mohammad Dorgham , Oleksiy Oliynyk , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

Graph search is one of the most successful algorithmic trends in near neighbor search. Several of the most popular and empirically successful algorithms are, at their core, a simple walk along a pruned near neighbor graph. Such algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Benjamin Coleman , Santiago Segarra , Anshumali Shrivastava , Alex Smola

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in vector databases and AI infrastructures. Recent graph-based ANNS algorithms have achieved high search accuracy with practical efficiency. Despite the advancements, these…

Retrieving points based on proximity in a high-dimensional vector space is a crucial step in information retrieval applications. The approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) problem, which identifies the $k$ nearest neighbors for a query,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Taekseung Kim , Guy E. Blelloch

We propose a new algorithm for fast approximate nearest neighbor search based on the properties of ordered vectors. Data vectors are classified based on the index and sign of their largest components, thereby partitioning the space in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Luisa Verdoliva , Davide Cozzolino , Giovanni Poggi

Graph-based high-dimensional vector indices have become a mainstream solution for large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS). However, their substantial memory footprint often requires storage on secondary devices, where…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yijie Zhou , Shengyuan Lin , Shufeng Gong , Song Yu , Shuhao Fan , Yanfeng Zhang , Ge Yu

Motivated by applications in computer vision and databases, we introduce and study the Simultaneous Nearest Neighbor Search (SNN) problem. Given a set of data points, the goal of SNN is to design a data structure that, given a collection of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Piotr Indyk , Robert Kleinberg , Sepideh Mahabadi , Yang Yuan

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) plays a critical role in various disciplines spanning data mining and artificial intelligence, from information retrieval and computer vision to natural language processing and recommender systems.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Akira Naruse , Corey Nolet , Ray Wang , Tamas Feher , Yong Wang

We consider a similarity measure between two sets $A$ and $B$ of vectors, that balances the average and maximum cosine distance between pairs of vectors, one from set $A$ and one from set $B$. As a motivation for this measure, we present…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Michael Leybovich , Oded Shmueli

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins modern applications such as information retrieval and recommendation. With the rapid growth of vector data, efficient indexing for real-time vector search has become rudimentary. Existing…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuchen Peng , Dingyu Yang , Zhongle Xie , Ji Sun , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Gang Chen

Recently similarity graphs became the leading paradigm for efficient nearest neighbor search, outperforming traditional tree-based and LSH-based methods. Similarity graphs perform the search via greedy routing: a query traverses the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Dmitry Baranchuk , Dmitry Persiyanov , Anton Sinitsin , Artem Babenko

The k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm is a cornerstone of non-parametric classification in artificial intelligence, yet its deployment in large-scale applications is persistently constrained by the computational trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jiaye Li , Gang Chen , Hang Xu , Shichao Zhang

We take a first step towards a rigorous asymptotic analysis of graph-based approaches for finding (approximate) nearest neighbors in high-dimensional spaces, by analyzing the complexity of (randomized) greedy walks on the approximate near…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Thijs Laarhoven

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has become a fundamental component in many real-world applications. Among various ANNS algorithms, graph-based methods are state-of-the-art. However, ANNS often suffers from a significant drop in…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhiyuan Hua , Qiji Mo , Zebin Yao , Lixiao Cui , Xiaoguang Liu , Gang Wang , Zijing Wei , Xinyu Liu , Tianxiao Tang , Shaozhi Liu , Lin Qu

We present a new approach to approximate nearest-neighbor queries in fixed dimension under a variety of non-Euclidean distances. We are given a set $S$ of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, an approximation parameter $\varepsilon > 0$, and a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Ahmed Abdelkader , Sunil Arya , Guilherme D. da Fonseca , David M. Mount

KNN has the reputation to be the word simplest but efficient supervised learning algorithm used for either classification or regression. KNN prediction efficiency highly depends on the size of its training data but when this training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Jude Tchaye-Kondi , Yanlong Zhai , Liehuang Zhu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become a cornerstone in modern vector database systems. Given a query vector, ANNS retrieves the closest vectors from a set of base vectors. In real-world applications, vectors are often…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haoxuan Xie , Siqiang Luo

The increase in the dimensionality of neural embedding models has enhanced the accuracy of semantic search capabilities but also amplified the computational demands for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Searches (ANNS). This complexity poses…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jingjia Luo , Mingxing Zhang , Kang Chen , Xia Liao , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Yongwei Wu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a crucial problem in information retrieval and AI applications. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in graph-based ANNS algorithms due to their superior efficiency and accuracy.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhenxin Li , Shuibing He , Jiahao Guo , Xuechen Zhang , Xian-He Sun , Gang Chen

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang