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Nearest neighbor search is central in machine learning, information retrieval, and databases. For high-dimensional datasets, graph-based methods such as HNSW, DiskANN, and NSG have become popular thanks to their empirical accuracy and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yousef Al-Jazzazi , Haya Diwan , Jinrui Gou , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco , Torsten Suel

With the continuous popularity of deep learning and representation learning, fast vector search becomes a vital task in various ranking/retrieval based applications, say recommendation, ads ranking and question answering. Neural network…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Weijie Zhao , Shulong Tan , Ping Li

Graph-based approaches are empirically shown to be very successful for the nearest neighbor search (NNS). However, there has been very little research on their theoretical guarantees. We fill this gap and rigorously analyze the performance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Liudmila Prokhorenkova , Aleksandr Shekhovtsov

Top-k Nearest Neighbors (kNN) problem on road network has numerous applications on location-based services. As direct search using the Dijkstra's algorithm results in a large search space, a plethora of complex-index-based approaches have…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yiqi Wang , Long Yuan , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin , Zi Chen , Qing Liu

Nearest neighbor search is known as a challenging issue that has been studied for several decades. Recently, this issue becomes more and more imminent in viewing that the big data problem arises from various fields. In this paper, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Wan-Lei Zhao , Jie Yang , Cheng-Hao Deng

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high-dimensional spaces finds extensive applications in databases, information retrieval, recommender systems, etc. While graph-based methods have emerged as the leading solution for ANNS due to…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jiancheng Ruan , Tingyang Chen , Renchi Yang , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao

Approximate K-Nearest Neighbor Search (AKNNS) has now become ubiquitous in modern applications, for example, as a fast search procedure with two tower deep learning models. Graph-based methods for AKNNS in particular have received great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Patrick H. Chen , Chang Wei-cheng , Yu Hsiang-fu , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Hsieh Cho-jui

Graph-based algorithms have shown great empirical potential for the approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search problem. Currently, graph-based ANN search algorithms are designed mainly using heuristics, whereas theoretical analysis of such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Dantong Zhu , Minjia Zhang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins many large-scale data mining and machine learning applications, with efficient retrieval increasingly hinging on GPU acceleration as dataset sizes grow. Although graph-based approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yaowen Liu , Xuejia Chen , Anxin Tian , Haoyang Li , Qinbin Li , Xin Zhang , Alexander Zhou , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

There has been significant recent interest in graph-based nearest neighbor search methods, many of which are centered on the construction of navigable graphs over high-dimensional point sets. A graph is navigable if we can successfully move…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Haya Diwan , Jinrui Gou , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco , Torsten Suel

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high-dimensional space is an essential operator in many online services, such as information retrieval and recommendation. Indices constructed by the state-of-the-art ANNS algorithms must be…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kun Yu , Jiabao Jin , Xiaoyao Zhong , Peng Cheng , Lei Chen , Zhitao Shen , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen , Xuemin Lin

k-nearest neighbor graph is a fundamental data structure in many disciplines such as information retrieval, data-mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning, etc. In the literature, considerable research has been focusing on how to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Wan-Lei Zhao , Hui Wang , Peng-Cheng Lin , Chong-Wah Ngo

Graph-based approaches to nearest neighbor search are popular and powerful tools for handling large datasets in practice, but they have limited theoretical guarantees. We study the worst-case performance of recent graph-based approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Piotr Indyk , Haike Xu

Recommendation systems aim to provide personalized predictions by identifying items that are most appealing to individual users. Among various recommendation approaches, k-nearest-neighbor (kNN)-based collaborative filtering (CF) remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yongyu Wang

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Similarity graphs are an active research direction for the nearest neighbor search (NNS) problem. New algorithms for similarity graph construction are continuously being proposed and analyzed by both theoreticians and practitioners.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Dmitry Baranchuk , Artem Babenko

ANNS for embedded vector representations of texts is commonly used in information retrieval, with two important information representations being sparse and dense vectors. While it has been shown that combining these representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoyu Zhang , Jun Liu , Zhenhua Zhu , Shulin Zeng , Maojia Sheng , Tao Yang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

K-nearest neighbor search is one of the fundamental tasks in various applications and the hierarchical navigable small world (HNSW) has recently drawn attention in large-scale cloud services, as it easily scales up the database while…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ji-Hoon Kim , Yeo-Reum Park , Jaeyoung Do , Soo-Young Ji , Joo-Young Kim

Graph-based indexing is the dominant approach for approximate nearest neighbor search in vector databases, offering high recall with low latency across billions of vectors. However, in such indices, the edge set of the proximity graph is…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sami Abuzakuk , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Graph-based approximate nearest neighbor search has attracted more and more attentions due to its online search advantages. Numbers of methods studying the enhancement of speed and recall have been put forward. However, few of them focus on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Kang Zhao , Pan Pan , Yun Zheng , Yanhao Zhang , Changxu Wang , Yingya Zhang , Yinghui Xu , Rong Jin