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New soft- and hard decision decoding algorithms are presented for general Reed-Muller codes $\left\{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{r}\right\} $ of length $2^{m}$ and distance $2^{m-r}$. We use Plotkin $(u,u+v)$ construction and decompose code…
High-dimensional linear regression under heavy-tailed noise or outlier corruption is challenging, both computationally and statistically. Convex approaches have been proven statistically optimal but suffer from high computational costs,…
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been an effective approach for improving Large Language Models' reasoning in domains such as coding and mathematics. Here, we apply RLVR methods towards forecasting future real-world…
We present a theory of quantum serial turbo-codes, describe their iterative decoding algorithm, and study their performances numerically on a depolarization channel. Our construction offers several advantages over quantum LDPC codes. First,…
In this paper we consider a Metzner-Kapturowski-like decoding algorithm for high-order interleaved sum-rank-metric codes, offering a novel perspective on the decoding process through the concept of an error code. The error code, defined as…
This paper studies maximum likelihood(ML) decoding in error-correcting codes as rational maps and proposes an approximate ML decoding rule by using a Taylor expansion. The point for the Taylor expansion, which will be denoted by $p$ in the…
Convolutional precoding in polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes is a recently introduced variant of polar codes. It has demonstrated an effective reduction in the number of minimum weight codewords (a.k.a error coefficient) of…
Providing closed-form estimates of the decoding failure rate of iterative decoders for low- and moderate-density binary parity-check codes has attracted significant interest in the research community. Recently, interest in this topic has…
The decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check codes by the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is revisited. We check the iterative algorithm for its convergence to a codeword (termination), we run Monte Carlo simulations to find the probability…
The distributed hypothesis testing problem with full side-information is studied. The trade-off (reliability function) between the two types of error exponents under limited rate is studied in the following way. First, the problem is…
We develop an efficient simulation algorithm for computing the tail probabilities of the infinite series $S = \sum_{n \geq 1} a_n X_n$ when random variables $X_n$ are heavy-tailed. As $S$ is the sum of infinitely many random variables, any…
We establish that it is possible to extract accurate blockwise and bitwise soft output from Guessing Codeword Decoding with minimal additional computational complexity by considering it as a variant of Guessing Random Additive Noise…
Agentic vision-language models are increasingly trained to "think with images" by calling image operations. However, we show that high final-answer accuracy often hides unfaithful visual reasoning: models may invoke tools on irrelevant…
Software reliability is a primary concern in the construction of software, and thus a fundamental component in the definition of software quality. Analyzing software reliability requires a specification of the intended behavior of the…
We study linear contextual bandits under adversarial corruption and heavy-tailed noise with finite $(1+\epsilon)$-th moments for some $\epsilon \in (0,1]$. Existing work that addresses both adversarial corruption and heavy-tailed noise…
We develop a protocol for continuous operation of a quantum error correcting code for protection of coherent evolution due to an encoded Hamiltonian against environmental errors, using the three qubit bit flip code and bit flip errors as a…
Reinforcement learning (RL) with delays is challenging as sensory perceptions lag behind the actual events: the RL agent needs to estimate the real state of its environment based on past observations. State-of-the-art (SOTA) methods…
Finding biologically plausible alternatives to back-propagation of errors is a fundamentally important challenge in artificial neural network research. In this paper, we propose a learning algorithm called error-driven Local Representation…
Data in the real-world classification problems are always imbalanced or long-tailed, wherein the majority classes have the most of the samples that dominate the model training. In such setting, the naive model tends to have poor performance…
Using tail bounds, we introduce a new probabilistic condition for function estimation in stochastic derivative-free optimization which leads to a reduction in the number of samples and eases algorithmic analyses. Moreover, we develop simple…