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Related papers: Efficiency Gains from Using Auxiliary Variables in…

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Auxiliary variable is extensively used in survey sampling to improve the precision of estimates. Whenever there is availability of auxiliary information, we want to utilize it in the method of estimation to obtain the most efficient…

Applications · Statistics 2014-10-14 Rajesh Singh , Prayas Sharma

Contextual sensing and delivery of digital interventions to improve health outcomes have gained significant traction in behavioral and psychiatric studies. Micro-randomized trials (MRTs) are a common experimental design for obtaining…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-01 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

In many surveys inexpensive auxiliary variables are available that can help us to make more precise estimation about the main variable. Using auxiliary variable has been extended by regression estimators for rare and cluster populations. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Bardia Panahbehagh , Afshin Parvardeh , Babak Mohammadi

A crucial input into causal inference is the imputed counterfactual outcome. Imputation error can arise because of sampling uncertainty from estimating the prediction model using the untreated observations, or from out-of-sample information…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-20 Silvia Goncalves , Serena Ng

Missing data is a common challenge when analyzing epidemiological data, and imputation is often used to address this issue. Here, we investigate the scenario where a covariate used in an analysis has missingness and will be imputed. There…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-04 Lucy D'Agostino McGowan , Sarah C. Lotspeich , Staci A. Hepler

Missing data arises when certain values are not recorded or observed for variables of interest. However, most of the statistical theory assume complete data availability. To address incomplete databases, one approach is to fill the gaps…

In this paper, we suggest an estimator using two auxiliary variables in stratified random sampling. The propose estimator has an improvement over mean per unit estimator as well as some other considered estimators. Expressions for bias and…

Applications · Statistics 2014-04-01 Rajesh Singh , Sachin Malik

Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the survey. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-01 Kewei Xu , Jerome P. Reiter

We present a general framework for using existing data to estimate the efficiency gain from using a covariate-adjusted estimator of a marginal treatment effect in a future randomized trial. We describe conditions under which it is possible…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-03 Xiudi Li , Sijia Li , Alex Luedtke

To take sample biases and skewness in the observations into account, practitioners frequently weight their observations according to some marginal distribution. The present paper demonstrates that such weighting can indeed improve the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-05 Tobias Niebuhr , Mathias Trabs

A methodology that seeks to enhance model prediction performance is presented. The method involves generating multiple auxiliary models that capture relationships between attributes as a function of each other. Such information serves to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Francisco Javier Lobo-Cabrera

In survey sampling, calibration is a very popular tool used to make total estimators consistent with known totals of auxiliary variables and to reduce variance. When the number of auxiliary variables is large, calibration on all the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-15 H. Cardot , C. Goga , M. -A Shehzad

Data-Augmentation (DA) is known to improve performance across tasks and datasets. We propose a method to theoretically analyze the effect of DA and study questions such as: how many augmented samples are needed to correctly estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Randall Balestriero , Ishan Misra , Yann LeCun

This volume is a collection of six papers on the use of auxiliary information and 'a priori' values in construction of improved estimators. The work included here will be of immense application for researchers and students who emply…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-02-19 Rajesh Singh , Pankaj Chauhan , Nirmala Sawan , Florentin Smarandache

The present study discuss the problem of estimating the finite population mean using auxiliary attribute in stratified random sampling. In this paper taking the advantage of point bi-serial correlation between the study variable and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Hemant K. Verma , Prayas Sharma , Rajesh Singh

Two-phase sampling designs are frequently employed in epidemiological studies and large-scale health surveys. In such designs, certain variables are exclusively collected within a second-phase random subsample of the initial first-phase…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-25 Lingxiao Wang

Implicit variables of an optimization problem are used to model variationally challenging feasibility conditions in a tractable way while not entering the objective function. Hence, it is a standard approach to treat implicit variables as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Patrick Mehlitz

For any pair $(X,Z)$ of correlated random variables we can think of $Z$ as a randomized function of $X$. Provided that $Z$ is short, one can make this function computationally efficient by allowing it to be only approximately correct. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Maciej Skorski

Covariate adjustment can improve precision in analyzing randomized experiments. With fully observed data, regression adjustment and propensity score weighting are asymptotically equivalent in improving efficiency over unadjusted analysis.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-06 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding , Fan Li

In the presence of auxiliary information, model-assisted estimators rely on a working model linking the variable of interest to the auxiliary variables in order to improve the efficiency of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. Model-assisted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-11 Caren Hasler , Esther Eustache