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Contextuality describes the nontrivial dependence of measurement outcomes on particular choices of jointly measurable observables. In this work we review and generalize the bundle diagram representation introduced in [S. Abramsky et al.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-28 Kerstin Beer , Tobias J. Osborne

Choices made by individuals have widespread impacts--for instance, people choose between political candidates to vote for, between social media posts to share, and between brands to purchase--moreover, data on these choices are increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kiran Tomlinson , Austin R. Benson

Generative models using neural network have opened a door to large-scale studies for various application domains, especially for studies that suffer from lack of real samples to obtain statistically robust inference. Typically, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Seong Jae Hwang , Zirui Tao , Won Hwa Kim , Vikas Singh

This paper considers the problem of defining distributions over graphical structures. We propose an extension of the hyper Markov properties of Dawid and Lauritzen [Ann. Statist. 21 (1993) 1272-1317], which we term structural Markov…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Simon Byrne , A. Philip Dawid

Multivariate count data are defined as the number of items of different categories issued from sampling within a population, which individuals are grouped into categories. The analysis of multivariate count data is a recurrent and crucial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-12-17 Pierre Fernique , Jean-Baptiste Durand , Yann Guédon

Conditional-independence-based discovery uses statistical tests to identify a graphical model that represents the independence structure of variables in a dataset. These tests, however, can be unreliable, and algorithms are sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Philipp M. Faller , Dominik Janzing

We consider the problem of learning causal directed acyclic graphs from an observational joint distribution. One can use these graphs to predict the outcome of interventional experiments, from which data are often not available. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-18 Jonas Peters , Joris Mooij , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Directional tests to compare incomplete undirected graphs are developed in the general context of covariance selection for Gaussian graphical models. The exactness of the underlying saddlepoint approximation is proved for chordal graphs and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-16 Claudia Di Caterina , Nancy Reid , Nicola Sartori

Paper proposes a model of large networks based on a random preferential attachment graph with addition of complete subgraphs (cliques). The proposed model refers to models of random graphs following the nonlinear preferential attachment…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-04-05 E. B. Yudin

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances in processing structured data. However, most of them primarily adopted a model-centric approach, which simplifies graphs by converting them into undirected formats…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Daohan Su , Junyi Han , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Causality is essential for understanding complex systems, such as the economy, the brain, and the climate. Constructing causal graphs often relies on either data-driven or expert-driven approaches, both fraught with challenges. The former…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kai-Hendrik Cohrs , Gherardo Varando , Emiliano Diaz , Vasileios Sitokonstantinou , Gustau Camps-Valls

Linear non-Gaussian causal models postulate that each random variable is a linear function of parent variables and non-Gaussian exogenous error terms. We study identification of the linear coefficients when such models contain latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Daniele Tramontano , Mathias Drton , Jalal Etesami

Learning a causal directed acyclic graph from data is a challenging task that involves solving a combinatorial problem for which the solution is not always identifiable. A new line of work reformulates this problem as a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Philippe Brouillard , Sébastien Lachapelle , Alexandre Lacoste , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Alexandre Drouin

We propose the use of Deterministic Generalized Asynchronous Random Boolean Networks [Gershenson, 2002] as models of contextual deterministic discrete dynamical systems. We show that changes in the context have drastic effects on the global…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson , Jan Broekaert , Diederik Aerts

Conventional methods of estimating latent behaviour generally use attitudinal questions which are subjective and these survey questions may not always be available. We hypothesize that an alternative approach can be used for latent variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Melvin Wong , Bilal Farooq , Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau

In applications, quantities of interest are often modelled in equilibrium or an equilibrium solution is sought. The presence of confounding makes causal inference in this setting challenging. We provide interpretable graphical models for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Kai Z. Teh , Kayvan Sadeghi , Terry Soo

We formulate and analyze a graphical model selection method for inferring the conditional independence graph of a high-dimensional nonstationary Gaussian random process (time series) from a finite-length observation. The observed process…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-14 Nguyen Tran Quang , Alexander Jung

We characterize the existence of the maximum likelihood estimator for discrete exponential families. Our criterion is simple to apply as we show in various settings, most notably for exponential models of random graphs. As an application,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Krzysztof Bogdan , Michał Bosy , Tomasz Skalski

Many different classification tasks need to manage structured data, which are usually modeled as graphs. Moreover, these graphs can be dynamic, meaning that the vertices/edges of each graph may change during time. Our goal is to jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Franco Manessi , Alessandro Rozza , Mario Manzo

Deterministic variables are variables that are fully explained by one or more parent variables. They commonly arise when a variable has been algebraically constructed from one or more parent variables, as with composite variables, and in…