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Related papers: Resolving and Exploiting the $k$-CFA Paradox

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We introduce the problem of finding a satisfying assignment to a CNF formula that must further belong to a prescribed input subspace. Equivalent formulations of the problem include finding a point outside a union of subspaces (the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Vikraman Arvind , Venkatesan Guruswami

Language-aligned vision foundation models perform strongly across diverse downstream tasks. Yet, their learned representations remain opaque, making interpreting their decision-making difficult. Recent work decompose these representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Kai Wittenmayer , Sukrut Rao , Amin Parchami-Araghi , Bernt Schiele , Jonas Fischer

Dynamic software adaptability is one of the central features leveraged by autonomic computing. However, developing software that changes its behavior at run time adapting to the operational conditions is a challenging task. Several…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-04-02 Guido Salvaneschi , Carlo Ghezzi , Matteo Pradella

Random-feature-based attention (RFA) is an efficient approximation of softmax attention with linear runtime and space complexity. However, the approximation gap between RFA and conventional softmax attention is not well studied. Built upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Lin Zheng , Jianbo Yuan , Chong Wang , Lingpeng Kong

The two-way finite automaton with quantum and classical states (2QCFA), defined by Ambainis and Watrous, is a model of quantum computation whose quantum part is extremely limited; however, as they showed, 2QCFA are surprisingly powerful: a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Zachary Remscrim

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a statistical method for identifying and confirming the presence of latent factors among observed variables through the analysis of their covariance structure. Compared to alternative factor models, CFA…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-08 Yifan Yang , Tianzhou Ma , Chuan Bi , Shuo Chen

\textit{Clustering problems} often arise in the fields like data mining, machine learning etc. to group a collection of objects into similar groups with respect to a similarity (or dissimilarity) measure. Among the clustering problems,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Kasturi Varadarajan

Many problems in static program analysis can be modeled as the context-free language (CFL) reachability problem on directed labeled graphs. The CFL reachability problem can be generally solved in time $O(n^3)$, where $n$ is the number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Paraschos Koutris , Shaleen Deep

Transformers are state-of-the-art models for a variety of sequence modeling tasks. At their core is an attention function which models pairwise interactions between the inputs at every timestep. While attention is powerful, it does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Hao Peng , Nikolaos Pappas , Dani Yogatama , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Lingpeng Kong

We design nearly-linear time numerical algorithms for the problem of multivariate multipoint evaluation over the fields of rational, real and complex numbers. We consider both \emph{exact} and \emph{approximate} versions of the algorithm.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Sumanta Ghosh , Prahladh Harsha , Simão Herdade , Mrinal Kumar , Ramprasad Saptharishi

To accomplish the punctuation restoration task, most existing approaches focused on leveraging extra information (e.g., part-of-speech tags) or addressing the class imbalance problem. Recent works have widely applied the transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yangjun Wu , Kebin Fang , Yao Zhao

Real-world problems of operations research are typically high-dimensional and combinatorial. Linear programs are generally used to formulate and efficiently solve these large decision problems. However, in multi-period decision problems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Wouter van Heeswijk , Han La Poutré

Recent advances in multimodal learning have motivated the integration of auxiliary modalities such as text or vision into time series (TS) forecasting. However, most existing methods provide limited gains, often improving performance only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Seunghan Lee , Jun Seo , Jaehoon Lee , Sungdong Yoo , Minjae Kim , Tae Yoon Lim , Dongwan Kang , Hwanil Choi , SoonYoung Lee , Wonbin Ahn

The $k$-principal component analysis ($k$-PCA) problem is a fundamental algorithmic primitive that is widely-used in data analysis and dimensionality reduction applications. In statistical settings, the goal of $k$-PCA is to identify a top…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Arun Jambulapati , Syamantak Kumar , Jerry Li , Shourya Pandey , Ankit Pensia , Kevin Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in real-world applications. However, adapting LLMs to novel tasks via fine-tuning often requires substantial training data and computational resources that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Boyan Gao , Xin Wang , Yibo Yang , David Clifton

A key human ability is to decompose a scene into distinct objects and use their relationships to understand the environment. Object-centric learning aims to mimic this process in an unsupervised manner. Recently, the slot attention-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pinzhuo Tian , Shengjie Yang , Hang Yu , Alex C. Kot

We study the complexity of valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). A problem from VCSP is characterised by a \emph{constraint language}, a fixed set of cost functions over a finite domain. An instance of the problem is specified by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-25 Vladimir Kolmogorov

We pose the fine-grained hardness hypothesis that the textbook algorithm for the NFA Acceptance problem is optimal up to subpolynomial factors, even for dense NFAs and fixed alphabets. We show that this barrier appears in many variations…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-10-09 Karl Bringmann , Allan Grønlund , Marvin Künnemann , Kasper Green Larsen

The automaton constrained tree knapsack problem is a variant of the knapsack problem in which the items are associated with the vertices of the tree, and we can select a subset of items that is accepted by a top-down tree automaton. If the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Soh Kumabe , Takanori Maehara , Ryoma Sin'ya

The problem of k-minimisation for a DFA M is the computation of a smallest DFA N (where the size |M| of a DFA M is the size of the domain of the transition function) such that their recognized languages differ only on words of length less…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-01 Paweł Gawrychowski , Artur Jeż , Andreas Maletti