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This paper investigates two related optimal input selection problems for fixed (non-switched) and switched structured systems. More precisely, we consider selecting the minimum cost of inputs from a prior set of inputs, and selecting the…
What makes a computational problem easy (e.g., in P, that is, solvable in polynomial time) or hard (e.g., NP-hard)? This fundamental question now has a satisfactory answer for a quite broad class of computational problems, so called…
Integer Linear Programming (ILP) can be seen as the archetypical problem for NP-complete optimization problems, and a wide range of problems in artificial intelligence are solved in practice via a translation to ILP. Despite its huge range…
Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools that have found applications beyond human-machine interfaces and chatbots. In particular, their ability to generate reasoning traces motivated their use in many prediction tasks like math…
Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with reliably generating highly structured outputs, such as program code, mathematical formulas, or well-formed markup. Constrained decoding approaches mitigate this problem by greedily restricting what…
{log} (read 'setlog') was born as a Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) language where sets and binary relations are first-class citizens, thus fostering set programming. Internally, {log} is a constraint satisfiability solver implementing…
In this paper, we introduce a new class of parameterized problems, which we call XALP: the class of all parameterized problems that can be solved in $f(k)n^{O(1)}$ time and $f(k)\log n$ space on a non-deterministic Turing Machine with…
Variable or value elimination in a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) can be used in preprocessing or during search to reduce search space size. A variable elimination rule (value elimination rule) allows the polynomial-time…
We consider a dynamic programming problem with arbitrary state space and bounded rewards. Is it possible to define in an unique way a limit value for the problem, where the "patience" of the decision-maker tends to infinity ? We consider,…
Large language models (LLMs) can be used to support software development tasks, e.g., through code completion or code generation. However, their effectiveness drops significantly when considering less popular programming languages such as…
In this paper, we study the problem of optimizing a linear program whose variables are the answers to a conjunctive query. For this we propose the language LP(CQ) for specifying linear programs whose constraints and objective functions…
The classifications of temporal and phylogeny constraint languages stand among the most seminal complexity classifications within infinite-domain Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), yet remain the most mysterious in terms of algorithms…
Language models (LMs) can generate code but cannot guarantee its correctness$\unicode{x2014}$often producing outputs that violate type safety, program invariants, or other semantic properties. Constrained decoding offers a solution by…
This paper investigates several cost-sparsity induced optimal input selection problems for structured systems. Given are an autonomous system and a prescribed set of input links, where each input link has a non-negative cost. The problems…
We provide a constraint based computational model of linear precedence as employed in the HPSG grammar formalism. An extended feature logic which adds a wide range of constraints involving precedence is described. A sound, complete and…
A subset of Q^n is called semilinear (or piecewise linear) if it is Boolean combination of linear half-spaces. We study the computational complexity of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) over the rationals when all the constraints…
Search-optimization problems are plentiful in scientific and engineering domains. Artificial intelligence has long contributed to the development of search algorithms and declarative programming languages geared towards solving and modeling…
An algorithm for a constraint satisfaction problem is called robust if it outputs an assignment satisfying at least $(1-g(\varepsilon))$-fraction of the constraints given a $(1-\varepsilon)$-satisfiable instance, where $g(\varepsilon)…
By concisely representing a joint function of many variables as the combination of small functions, discrete graphical models (GMs) provide a powerful framework to analyze stochastic and deterministic systems of interacting variables. One…
We present a definition of the class NP in combinatorial context as the set of languages of structures defined by finitely many forbidden lifted substructures. We apply this to special syntactically defined subclasses and show how they…