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Related papers: New bounds for equiangular lines

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A set of lines through the origin in Euclidean space is called equiangular when any pair of lines from the set intersects with each other at a common angle. We study the maximum size of equiangular lines in Euclidean space and use graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Yen-chi Roger Lin , Wei-Hsuan Yu

In this paper, claims by Lemmens and Seidel in 1973 about equiangular sets of lines with angle $1/5$ are proved by carefully analyzing pillar decompositions, with the aid of the uniqueness of two-graphs on $276$ vertices. The Neumann…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-30 Yen-chi Roger Lin , Wei-Hsuan Yu

A set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is called equiangular if the angle between each pair of lines is the same. We derive new upper bounds on the cardinality of equiangular lines. Let us denote the maximum cardinality of equiangular lines in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Wei-Hsuan Yu

A set of lines through the origin is called equiangular if every pair of lines defines the same angle, and the maximum size of an equiangular set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^n$ was studied extensively for the last 70 years. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-24 Igor Balla , Benny Sudakov

A set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^d$ passing through the origin is called equiangular if any two lines in the set form the same angle. We proved an alternative version of the three-point semidefinite constraints developed by Bachoc and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-14 Wei-Jiun Kao , Wei-Hsuan Yu

I introduce the problem of finding maximal sets of equiangular lines, in both its real and complex versions, attempting to write the treatment that I would have wanted when I first encountered the subject. Equiangular lines intersect in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Blake C. Stacey

A family of lines through the origin in Euclidean space is called equiangular if any pair of lines defines the same angle. The problem of estimating the maximum cardinality of such a family in $\mathbb{R}^n$ was extensively studied for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Igor Balla , Felix Dräxler , Peter Keevash , Benny Sudakov

We show that the maximum cardinality of an equiangular line system in 14 and 16 dimensions is 28 and 40, respectively, thereby solving a longstanding open problem. We also improve the upper bounds on the cardinality of equiangular line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Gary R. W. Greaves , Jeven Syatriadi , Pavlo Yatsyna

We derive a procedure for computing an upper bound on the number of equiangular lines in various Euclidean vector spaces by generalizing the classical pillar decomposition developed by (Lemmens and Seidel, 1973); namely, we use linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-28 Emily J. King , Xiaoxian Tang

In 1973, Lemmens and Seidel posed the problem of determining the maximum number of equiangular lines in $\mathbb{R}^r$ with angle $\arccos(\alpha)$ and gave a partial answer in the regime $r \leq 1/\alpha^2 - 2$. At the other extreme where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Igor Balla

We show that the maximum cardinality of an equiangular line system in 17 dimensions is 48, thereby solving a longstanding open problem. Furthermore, by giving an explicit construction, we improve the lower bound on the maximum cardinality…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Gary R. W. Greaves , Jeven Syatriadi , Pavlo Yatsyna

We obtain several new results contributing to the theory of real equiangular line systems. Among other things, we present a new general lower bound on the maximum number of equiangular lines in d dimensional Euclidean space; we describe the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-03 G. Greaves , J. H. Koolen , A. Munemasa , F. Szöllősi

A set of vectors of equal norm in $\mathbb{C}^d$ represents equiangular lines if the magnitudes of the inner product of every pair of distinct vectors in the set are equal. The maximum size of such a set is $d^2$, and it is conjectured that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Jonathan Jedwab , Amy Wiebe

A family of lines passing through the origin in an inner product space is said to be equiangular if every pair of lines defines the same angle. In 1973, Lemmens and Seidel raised what has since become a central question in the study of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Igor Balla , Matija Bucić

The absolute upper bound on the number of equiangular lines that can be found in $\mathbf{R}^d$ is $d(d+1)/2$. Examples of sets of lines that saturate this bound are only known to exist in dimensions $d=2,3,7$ or $23$. By considering the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-20 Neil I. Gillespie

The set of points in a metric space is called an $s$-distance set if pairwise distances between these points admit only $s$ distinct values. Two-distance spherical sets with the set of scalar products $\{\alpha, -\alpha\}$,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Alexey Glazyrin , Wei-Hsuan Yu

We give a hierarchy of $k$-point bounds extending the Delsarte-Goethals-Seidel linear programming $2$-point bound and the Bachoc-Vallentin semidefinite programming $3$-point bound for spherical codes. An optimized implementation of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-30 David de Laat , Fabrício Caluza Machado , Fernando Mário de Oliveira Filho , Frank Vallentin

Maximum size of equiangular lines in $\mathbb{R}^{19}$ has been known in the range between 72 to 76 since 1973. Acoording to the nonexistence of strongly regular graph $(75,32,10,16)$ \cite{aza15}, Larmen-Rogers-Seidel Theorem \cite{lar77}…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-08-19 Wei-Hsuan Yu

This thesis is a study of large sets of unit vectors in $\cx^n$ such that the absolute value of their standard inner products takes on only a small number of values. We begin with bounds: what is the maximal size of a set of lines with only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Aidan Roy

We determine the maximum number $N_\alpha(d)$ of equiangular lines with fixed angle $\arccos\alpha$ for $\alpha = 1/(1+2\sqrt2)$ in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space: $2,3,4,6,8,10,14,15,16,17,18,20,22$ for $d \in \{2,\dots,14\}$, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Theodore Gossett , Zilin Jiang , Adam Teets , Zoe Wellner
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