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Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

Quantum processors require rapid and high-fidelity simultaneous measurements of many qubits. While superconducting qubits are among the leading modalities toward a useful quantum processor, their readout remains a bottleneck. Traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Robert Kent , Benjamin Lienhard , Gregory Lafyatis , Daniel J. Gauthier

Quantum sensors can potentially achieve the Heisenberg limit of sensitivity over a large dynamic range using quantum algorithms. The adaptive phase estimation algorithm (PEA) is one example that was proven to achieve such high sensitivities…

Charge-based qubits have been proposed as fundamental elements for quantum computers. One commonly proposed readout device is the single-electron transistor (SET). SETs can distinguish between localized charge states, but lack the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrew D. Greentree , A. R. Hamilton , F. Green

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Mitigating errors is a significant challenge for near term quantum computers. One of the most important sources of errors is related to the readout of the quantum state into a classical bit stream. A variety of techniques have been proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-09 Rebecca Hicks , Bryce Kobrin , Christian W. Bauer , Benjamin Nachman

We consider electron spin qubits in quantum dots and define a measurement efficiency e to characterize reliable measurements via n-shot read outs. We propose various implementations based on a double dot and quantum point contact (QPC) and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hans-Andreas Engel , Vitaly Golovach , Daniel Loss , L. M. K. Vandersypen , J. M. Elzerman , R. Hanson , L. P. Kouwenhoven

Rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of quantum states is a ubiquitous requirement in quantum information technologies, playing a crucial role in quantum computation, quantum error correction, and fundamental tests of non-locality.…

We present a method for optimizing quantum control in experimental systems, using a subset of randomized benchmarking measurements to rapidly infer error. This is demonstrated to improve single- and two-qubit gates, minimize gate…

Readout of superconducting qubits faces a trade-off between measurement speed and unwanted back-action on the qubit caused by the readout drive, such as $T_1$ degradation and leakage out of the computational subspace. The readout is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 S. Hazra , W. Dai , T. Connolly , P. D. Kurilovich , Z. Wang , L. Frunzio , M. H. Devoret

In the design of quantum computer architectures that take advantage of the long coherence times of dopant nuclear and electron spins in the solid-state, single-spin detection for readout remains a crucial unsolved problem. Schemes based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 L. C. L. Hollenberg , C. J. Wellard , C. I. Pakes , A. G. Fowler

Single electron tunneling and its transport statistics have been studied for some time using high precision charge detectors. However, this type of detection requires advanced lithography, optimized material systems and low temperatures…

Readout errors on near-term quantum computers can introduce significant error to the empirical probability distribution sampled from the output of a quantum circuit. These errors can be mitigated by classical postprocessing given the access…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Evan Peters , Andy C. Y. Li , Gabriel N. Perdue

The optimal phase covariant cloning machine (PQCM) broadcasts the information associated to an input qubit into a multi-qubit systems, exploiting a partial a-priori knowledge of the input state. This additional a priori information leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Fabio Sciarrino , Francesco De Martini

Single-shot readout of qubits is required for scalable quantum computing. Nuclear spins are superb quantum memories due to their long coherence times but are difficult to be read out in single shot due to their weak interaction with probes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Gang-Qin Liu , Jian Xing , Wen-Long Ma , Chang-Hao Li , Ping Wang , Hoi Chun Po , Ren-Bao Liu , Xin-Yu Pan

Probabilistic quantum error correction is an error-correcting procedure which uses postselection to determine if the encoded information was successfully restored. In this work, we deeply analyze probabilistic version of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Ryszard Kukulski , Łukasz Pawela , Zbigniew Puchała

We study quantum tomography based on a stochastic continuous-time measurement record obtained from a probe field collectively interacting with an ensemble of identically prepared systems. In comparison to previous studies, we consider here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-01 Robert L. Cook , Carlos A. Riofrío , Ivan H. Deutsch

High-fidelity singlet-triplet state readout is essential for large-scale quantum computing. However, the widely used threshold method of comparing a mean value with the fixed threshold will limit the judgment accuracy, especially for the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Rong-Long Ma , Sheng-Kai Zhu , Zhen-Zhen Kong , Tai-Ping Sun , Ming Ni , Yu-Chen Zhou , Yuan Zhou , Gang Luo , Gang Cao , Gui-Lei Wang , Hai-Ou Li , Guo-Ping Guo

Optimal control theory is an effective tool to improve parameter estimation of quantum systems. Different methods can be employed for the design of the control protocol. They can be based either on Quantum Fischer Information (QFI)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Quentin Ansel , Etienne Dionis , Dominique Sugny

Latching techniques are widely used to enhance readout of qubits. These methods require precise tuning of multiple tunnel rates, which can be challenging to achieve under realistic experimental conditions, such as when a qubit is coupled to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Sanghyeok Park , Jared Benson , J. Corrigan , J. P. Dodson , S. N. Coppersmith , Mark Friesen , M. A. Eriksson