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We study a strengthening of the notion of a universally meager set and its dual counterpart that strengthens the notion of a universally null set. We say that a subset $A$ of a perfect Polish space $X$ is countably perfectly meager…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Tomasz Weiss , Piotr Zakrzewski

The arithmetic of natural numbers has a natural and simple encoding within sets, and the simplest set whose structure is not that of any natural number extends this set-theoretic representation to positive and negative integers. The…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-17 Ruadhan O'Flanagan

We introduce and study a new topological notion of the size for subsets of the real line, called \emph{super-density}. A set $A\subset\mathbb{R}$ is super-dense if for every non-empty open interval $I$ and every nowhere constant continuous…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Chokri Manai

We prove that many seemingly simple theories have Borel complete reducts. Specifically, if a countable theory has uncountably many complete 1-types, then it has a Borel complete reduct. Similarly, if $Th(M)$ is not small, then $M^{eq}$ has…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Michael C. Laskowski , Douglas S. Ulrich

A real number $x$ is considered normal in an integer base $b \geq 2$ if its digit expansion in this base is ``equitable'', ensuring that for each $k \geq 1$, every ordered sequence of $k$ digits from $\{0, 1, \ldots, b-1\}$ occurs in the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Malabika Pramanik , Junqiang Zhang

We show that for a $\sigma $-ideal $\ci$ with a Borel base of subsets of an uncountable Polish space, if $\ca$ is (in several senses) a "regular" family of subsets from $\ci $ then there is a subfamily of $\ca$ whose union is completely…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Robert Ralowski , Szymon Zeberski

We give in this paper an example of infinitary rational relation, accepted by a 2-tape B\"{u}chi automaton, which is Pi^0_3-complete in the Borel hierarchy. Moreover the example of infinitary rational relation given in this paper has a very…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Olivier Finkel

A numerical set $S$ is a cofinite subset of $\mathbb{N}$ which contains $0$. We use the natural bijection between numerical sets and Young diagrams to define a numerical set $\widetilde{S}$, such that their Young diagrams are complements.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Matthew Guhl , Jazmine Juarez , Vadim Ponomarenko , Rebecca Rechkin , Deepesh Singhal

A well-known Peterson's theorem says that the number of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of a rank-$r$ finite dimensional simple Lie algebra is exactly $2^r$. In this paper, we determine the dimensional distribution of abelian ideals in…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2008-08-18 Li Luo

An ordered set-partition (or preferential arrangement) of n labeled elements represents a single ``hierarchy''; these are enumerated by the ordered Bell numbers. In this note we determine the number of ``hierarchical orderings'' or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-17 N. J. A. Sloane , Thomas Wieder

Given two quasi-hereditary algebras, their tensor product is quasi-hereditary. In this article, we show that given two exact Borel subalgebras for these quasi-hereditary algebras, their tensor product is an exact Borel subalgebra. Moreover,…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Anna Rodriguez Rasmussen

The set of prime numbers has been analyzed, based on their algebraic and arithmetical structure. Here by obtaining a sort of linear formula for the set of prime numbers, they are redefined and identified; under a systematic procedure it has…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-12-30 Ramin Zahedi

We prove that the relation of bisimilarity between countable labelled transition systems is $\Sigma_1^1$-complete (hence not Borel), by reducing the set of non-wellorders over the natural numbers continuously to it. This has an impact on…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-12-16 Pedro Sánchez Terraf

Constructive dimension and constructive strong dimension are effectivizations of the Hausdorff and packing dimensions, respectively. Each infinite binary sequence A is assigned a dimension dim(A) in [0,1] and a strong dimension Dim(A) in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 John M. Hitchcock , Jack H. Lutz , Sebastiaan A. Terwijn

Borel's triangle is an array of integers closely related to the classical Catalan numbers. In this paper we study combinatorial statistics counted by Borel's triangle. We present various combinatorial interpretations of Borel's triangle in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Yue Cai , Catherine Yan

The main goal of this paper is to develop a concept of approximate differentiability of higher order for subsets of the Euclidean space that allows to characterize higher order rectifiable sets, extending somehow well known facts for…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-07-20 Mario Santilli

Motivated by the observation that the counting function of a certain base-3 colored partition contains the even perfect numbers as a subsequence, we begin by defining a sequence of polynomials in four variables and discuss their properties…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Karl Dilcher , Larry Ericksen

Algebras on the natural numbers and their clones of term operations can be classified according to their descriptive complexity. We give an example of a closed algebra which has only unary operations and whose clone of term operations is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-12-06 Martin Goldstern , Michael Pinsker , Saharon Shelah

Let g=g_0+g_1 be a Z_2-graded Lie algebra. We study the posets of abelian subalgebras of g_1 which are stable w.r.t. a Borel subalgebra of g_0. In particular, we find out a natural parametrization of maximal elements and dimension formulas…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-16 Paola Cellini , Pierluigi Moseneder Frajria , Paolo Papi , Marco Pasquali

We show that the set of Liouville numbers is either null or non-$\sigma$-finite with respect to every translation invariant Borel measure on $\RR$, in particular, with respect to every Hausdorff measure $\iH^g$ with gauge function $g$. This…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Márton Elekes , Tamás Keleti