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Today, there are a plethora of In-Memory Computing (IMC) devices- SRAMs, PCMs & FeFETs, that emulate convolutions on crossbar-arrays with high throughput. Each IMC device offers its own pros & cons during inference of Deep Neural Networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Many convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators face performance- and energy-efficiency challenges which are crucial for embedded implementations, due to high DRAM access latency and energy. Recently, some DRAM architectures have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Hybrid circuit and packet switching for data center networking (DCN) has received considerable research attention recently. A hybrid-switched DCN employs a much faster circuit switch that is reconfigurable with a nontrivial cost, and a much…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Liang Liu , Long Gong , Sen Yang , Jun Xu , Lance Fortnow

As DRAM and other transistor-based memory technologies approach their scalability limits, alternative storage solutions like Phase-Change Memory (PCM) are gaining attention for their scalability, fast access times, and zero leakage power.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mahek Desai , Apoorva Rumale , Marjan Asadinia

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

In this paper, we propose a 'full-stack' solution to designing high capacity and low latency on-chip cache hierarchies by starting at the circuit level of the hardware design stack. First, we propose a novel Gain Cell (GC) design using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Sarabjeet Singh , Neelam Surana , Pranjali Jain , Joycee Mekie , Manu Awasthi

In this paper, we present a novel cache design based on Multi-Level Cell Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (MLC STTRAM) that can dynamically adapt the set capacity and associativity to use efficiently the full potential of MLC STTRAM. We exploit the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Amin Jadidi , Mohammad Arjomand , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Chita R. Das

The emergence of high-density byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) is promising to accelerate data- and compute-intensive applications. Current NVM technologies have lower performance than DRAM and, thus, are often paired with DRAM in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Ivy Peng , Kai Wu , Jie Ren , Dong Li , Maya Gokhale

Shared virtual memory (SVM) is key in heterogeneous systems on chip (SoCs), which combine a general-purpose host processor with a many-core accelerator, both for programmability and to avoid data duplication. However, SVM can bring a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Andreas Kurth , Pirmin Vogel , Andrea Marongiu , Luca Benini

This paper presents a new hybrid cache replacement algorithm that combines random allocation with a modified V-Way cache implementation. Our RAC adapts to complex cache access patterns and optimizes cache usage by improving the utilization…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Vrushank Ahire , Pranav Menon , Aniruddh Muley , Abhinandan S. Prasad

The present von Neumann computing paradigm involves a significant amount of information transfer between a central processing unit (CPU) and memory, with concomitant limitations in the actual execution speed. However, it has been recently…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-07-03 Fabio Lorenzo Traversa , Fabrizio Bonani , Yuriy V. Pershin , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer promising solutions for efficiently handling AI applications in energy-constrained edge environments. While traditional PIM designs enhance performance and energy efficiency by reducing data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sangmin Jeon , Kangju Lee , Kyeongwon Lee , Woojoo Lee

The growing demand for efficient cloud storage solutions has led to the widespread adoption of Solid-State Drives (SSDs) for caching in cloud block storage systems. The management of data writes to SSD caches plays a crucial role in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Chiyu Cheng , Chang Zhou , Yang Zhao , Jin Cao

Bit-level sparsity in neural network models harbors immense untapped potential. Eliminating redundant calculations of randomly distributed zero-bits significantly boosts computational efficiency. Yet, traditional digital SRAM-PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Yiou Wang , Yikun Wang , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weisheng Zhao

Due to the huge difference in performance between the computer memory and processor, the virtual memory management plays a vital role in system performance. A Cache memory is the fast memory which is used to compensate the speed difference…

Performance · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Debabala Swain , Bijay Paikaray , Debabrata Swain

Despite the impressive search rate of one key per clock cycle, the update stage of a random-access-memory-based content-addressable-memory (RAM-based CAM) always suffers high latency. Two primary causes of such latency include: (1) the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Trong-Thuc Hoang , Hong-Thu Nguyen , Katsumi Inoue , Cong-Kha Pham

Many high end and next generation computing systems to incorporated alternative memory technologies to meet performance goals. Since these technologies present distinct advantages and tradeoffs compared to conventional DDR* SDRAM, such as…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-10-06 M. Ben Olson , Brandon Kammerdiener , Kshitij A. Doshi , Terry Jones , Michael R. Jantz

Byte-addressable persistent memory (PM) brings hash tables the potential of low latency, cheap persistence and instant recovery. The recent advent of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules (DCPMM) further accelerates this trend. Many new…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Baotong Lu , Xiangpeng Hao , Tianzheng Wang , Eric Lo

In recent years, emerging storage hardware technologies have focused on divergent goals: better performance or lower cost-per-bit. Correspondingly, data systems that employ these technologies are typically optimized either to be fast (but…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Ashwini Raina , Jianan Lu , Asaf Cidon , Michael J. Freedman

The latest trends in high-performance computing systems show an increasing demand on the use of a large scale multicore systems in a efficient way, so that high compute-intensive applications can be executed reasonably well. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-02-25 Juliana M. N. Silva , Cristina Boeres , Lúcia M. A. Drummond , Artur A. Pessoa