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In this paper, we discuss the black hole complementarity and the firewall proposal at length. Black hole complementarity is inevitable if we assume the following five things: unitarity, entropy-area formula, existence of an information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Dong-il Hwang , Bum-Hoon Lee , Dong-han Yeom

Bousso and Stanford (BS) argued that the black hole final state proposal leads to acausal effects and ill-defined probabilities for the AMPS experiment. We identify a loophole in their analysis using insights from entanglement wedge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-03 Ahmed Almheiri

Spacetime singularity has always been of interest since the proof of the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorem. Naked singularity naturally emerges from reasonable initial conditions in the collapsing process. A recent interesting approach in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-28 Hongsheng Zhang

There is mounting theoretical evidence that black hole horizons induce decoherence on a quantum system, say a particle, put in a superposition of locations, with the decoherence functional, evaluated after closure of the superposition,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-29 Max Joseph Fahn , Alessandro Pesci

We reconsider the black hole firewall puzzle, emphasizing that quantum error-correction, computational complexity, and pseudorandomness are crucial concepts for understanding the black hole interior. We assume that the Hawking radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-09 Isaac H. Kim , Eugene Tang , John Preskill

We investigate the possibility of firewalls in the Einstein-dilaton gravity model of CGHS. We use the results of the numerical simulation carried out by Ashtekar et al. to demonstrate that firewalls are absent and the horizon is drama free.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Ahmed Almheiri , James Sully

It was recently argued by Almheiri et al that black hole complementarity strains the basic rules of quantum information theory, such as monogamy of entanglement. Motivated by this argument, we develop a practical framework for describing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Erik Verlinde , Herman Verlinde

Although the solution, within standard quantum physics, of the problem of outcomes has been published several times, many authors continue to treat measurement as an unsolved fundamental dilemma. The solution lies in the formation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Art Hobson

This paper is the continuation of a study into the information paradox problem started by the author in his earlier works. As previously, the key instrument is a deformed density matrix in quantum mechanics of the early universe. It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Shalyt-Margolin

A promising strategy for better understanding space and time at the Planck scale, is outlined and further pursued. It is explained in detail, how black hole unitarity demands the existence of transformations that can remove firewalls. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-12 Gerard t Hooft

We studied the process of decoherence induced by the presence of an environment in acoustic black holes, using the open quantum system approach, thus extending previous work. We focused on the ion trap model but the formalism is general to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Fernando C. Lombardo , Gustavo J. Turiaci

A lot of confusion surrounds the issue of black hole complementarity, because the question has been considered without discussing the mechanism which guarantees unitarity. Considering such a mechanism leads to the following: (1) The Hawking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-29 Samir D. Mathur , David Turton

We study the decoherence induced by near-extremal charged black holes on quantum systems in their exterior. Specifically, we analyze a thought experiment recently discussed in the literature, where the quantum system is a charged particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-25 Anna Biggs , Stefano Trezzi

The problem investigated in this paper is einselection, i. e. the selection of mutually exclusive quantum states with definite probabilities through decoherence. Its study is based on a theory of decoherence resulting from the projection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Roland Omnes

Black holes offer an exciting area to explore the nature of quantum gravity. The classic work on Hawking radiation indicates that black holes should decay via quantum effects, but our ideas about how this might work at a technical level are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-29 Shengqiao Luo , Henry Stoltenberg , Andreas Albrecht

The firewall paradox states that an observer falling into an old black hole must see a violation of unitarity, locality, or the equivalence principle. Motivated by this remarkable conflict, we analyze the causal structure of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Ben Freivogel , Robert A. Jefferson , Laurens Kabir , I-Sheng Yang

We investigate the recent black hole firewall argument. For a black hole in a typical state we argue that unitarity requires every quantum of radiation leaving the black hole to carry information about the initial state. An information-free…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Steven G. Avery , Borun D. Chowdhury , Andrea Puhm

The merging of quantum information science with the relativity theory presents novel opportunities for understanding the enigmas surrounding the transmission of information in relation to black holes. For this purpose, we study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-23 S. Haddadi , M. A. Yurischev , M. Y. Abd-Rabbou , M. Azizi , M. R. Pourkarimi , M. Ghominejad

Hawking's black hole evaporation process suggests that we may need to choose between quantum unitarity and other basic physical principles such as no-signalling, entanglement monogamy, and the equivalence principle. We here provide a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-05 Ali Akil , Oscar Dahlsten , Leonardo Modesto

Recently a certain thought experiment was discussed which involves the decoherence of a quantum system due to a black hole. Here we show how this phenomenon is consistent with standard ideas about quantum black holes. In other words,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-06 Anna Biggs , Juan Maldacena