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Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal

High Energy Physics - Theory 2025-06-03 v2 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

Bousso and Stanford (BS) argued that the black hole final state proposal leads to acausal effects and ill-defined probabilities for the AMPS experiment. We identify a loophole in their analysis using insights from entanglement wedge reconstruction and replica wormholes. We trace the cause of the BS problems to the misidentification of the physical interior where the second AMPS measurement happens from among the multiple interiors introduced by the first measurement.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.23664,
  title  = {Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal},
  author = {Ahmed Almheiri},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.23664},
  year   = {2025}
}

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Minor edits

R2 v1 2026-07-01T02:48:49.580Z