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Let $(M,g)$ be a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold. The goal of the paper it to show that if $P_{0}\in M$ is a non-degenerate critical point of the scalar curvature, then a neighborhood of $P_{0}$ is foliated by area-constrained Willmore…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-08 Norihisa Ikoma , Andrea Malchiodi , Andrea Mondino

In this paper, we show that, under arbitrary bounded Willmore energy assumption, embedded Willmore spheres (or more generally, embedded Willmore spheres under area constraint) with small diameter in a given $3$-dimensional Riemannian…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Chih-Kang Huang

Let $(M,g)$ be a Riemannian $3$-manifold that is asymptotic to Schwarzschild. We study the existence of large area-constrained Willmore spheres $\Sigma \subset M$ with non-negative Hawking mass and inner radius $\rho$ dominated by the area…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Michael Eichmair , Thomas Koerber , Jan Metzger , Felix Schulze

We apply the method of Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction to study large area-constrained Willmore surfaces in Riemannian 3-manifolds asymptotic to Schwarzschild. In particular, we prove that the end of such a manifold is foliated by distinguished…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Michael Eichmair , Thomas Koerber

For every $g\in\mathbb{N}_0$ and $\epsilon>0$, we construct a smooth genus $g$ surface embedded into the unit ball with area $8\pi$ and Willmore energy smaller than $8\pi + \epsilon$. From this we deduce that a minimising sequence for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-08-10 Stephan Wojtowytsch

We show that the quantization of energy for Willmore spheres into closed Riemannian manifolds holds provided that the Willmore energy and the area are uniformly bounded. The analogous energy quantization result holds for Willmore surfaces…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Alexis Michelat , Andrea Mondino

We prove rigidity results involving the Hawking mass for surfaces immersed in a $3$-dimensional, complete Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ with non-negative scalar curvature (resp. with scalar curvature bounded below by $-6$). Roughly, the main…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Andrea Mondino , Aidan Templeton-Browne

We study rigidity of minimal two-spheres $\Sigma$ that locally maximize the Hawking mass on a Riemannian three-manifold with a positive lower bound on its scalar curvature. After assuming strict stability of $\Sigma$, we prove that a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-06-26 Davi Máximo , Ivaldo Nunes

We study sequences $f_k:\Sigma_k \to \R^n$ of conformally immersed, compact Riemann surfaces with fixed genus and Willmore energy ${\cal W}(f) \leq \Lambda$. Assume that $\Sigma_k$ converges to $\Sigma$ in moduli space, i.e.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-30 Ernst Kuwert , Yuxiang Li

In this paper we consider complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds $(M, g)$ with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth, of dimension $n \geq 3$. We prove a sharp Willmore-type inequality for closed hypersurfaces $\partial…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Virginia Agostiniani , Mattia Fogagnolo , Lorenzo Mazzieri

We consider unbranched Willmore surfaces in the Euclidean space that arise as inverted complete minimal surfaces with embedded planar ends. Several statements are proven about upper and lower bounds on the Morse Index - the number of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Jonas Hirsch , Elena Mäder-Baumdicker

Let $S$ be a punctured Riemann surface with Euler characteristic $\chi(S)<0$. For any unitary representation $\rho: \pi_1(S) \to U(N)$, we introduce its renormalized energy and its harmonic representatives, which are equivariant harmonic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Antoine Song

In this paper we classify branched Willmore spheres with at most three branch points (including multiplicity), showing that they may be obtained from complete minimal surfaces in $\R ^ 3$ with ends of multiplicity at most three. This…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-12-15 Tobias Lamm , Huy The Nguyen

In this article, the author investigates flow lines of the classical Willmore flow, which start to move in a smooth parametrization of a Hopf-torus in $\mathbb{S}^3$. We prove that any such flow line of the Willmore flow exists globally, in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Ruben Jakob

We consider the class of all conformal mappings from a compact Riemann surface into the threedimensional or fourdimensional Euclidean space. A sequence in this class with bounded Willmore functional is shown to have a sequence of conformal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Ulrich Schmidt

The paper is devoted to the variational analysis of the Willmore, and other L^2 curvature functionals, among immersions of 2-dimensional surfaces into a compact riemannian m-manifold (M^m,h) with m>2. The goal of the paper is twofold, on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Andrea Mondino , Tristan Rivière

We study curvature functionals for immersed 2-spheres in non-compact, three-dimensional Riemannian manifold $(M,h)$ without boundary. First, under the assumption that $(M,h)$ is the euclidean 3-space endowed with a semi-perturbed metric…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Andrea Mondino , Johannes Schygulla

In this paper, we establish a Willmore-type inequality for closed hypersurfaces in a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension $n+1$ with ${\rm Ric}\geq-ng$. It extends the classic result of Argostianiani, Fogagnolo, and Mazzieri in [1] to…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Xiaoshang Jin , Jiabin Yin

We show that scalar curvature lower bounds are preserved under certain weak convergence of smooth three manifolds to a smooth limit. More precisely, suppose that $M_k$ and $M$ are smooth, closed, Riemannian three manifolds. Assume that…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Liam Mazurowski , Xuan Yao

This paper resolves a long-standing open problem by providing a classification of Willmore $2$-spheres in $S^n$. We show that any such $2$-sphere is either totally isotropic--originating from the projection of a special twistor curve in the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Xiang Ma , Franz Pedit , Peng Wang
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