Related papers: Counting Photons in Static Electric and Magnetic F…
We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…
We consider a bound system of particles interacting via electromagnetic forces in an external electromagnetic field, including leading relativistic corrections. Each particle has a definite mass, charge, spin, and charge radius. We…
The classical Maxwell--Born--Infeld field equations coupled with a Hamilton--Jacobi law of point charge motion are partially quantized by coupling the Hamilton-Jacobi phase function with an amplitude function, which combines with the phase…
A canonical relativistic formulation is introduced to quantize electromagnetic field in the presence of a polarizable and magnetizable moving medium. The medium is modeled by a continuum of four vectors in a phenomenological way. The…
Modeling an anisotropic spatially and temporarily dispersive magnetodielectric medium by two independent collections of three dimensional vector fields, we demonstrate a fully canonical quantization of electromagnetic field in the presence…
In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…
In this and companion papers, we show that quantum field theories with gauge symmetries permit a broader class of classical dynamics than typically assumed. In this article, we show that the quantization of electromagnetism permits the…
Quantization of electromagnetic fields is investigated in the framework of stochastic variational method (SVM). Differently from the canonical quantization, this method does not require canonical form and quantization can be performed…
We present a manifestly covariant formulation of relativistic electromagnetism, focusing on the computation of electromagnetic fields from moving charges in a manifestly Lorentz-covariant manner. The electromagnetic field at a given…
The questions of whether a photon can be localized in an arbitrarily small volume and what is the allowable strength of that localization (the decrease with distance of the functional form) are questions of current interest. We propose a…
Under certain conditions the number of photons radiated classically by a charged particle following a prescribed trajectory can be finite. An interesting formula for this number is presented and discussed.
We consider a simple nonlinear (quartic in the fields) gauge-invariant modification of classical electrodynamics, which possesses a regularizing ability sufficient to make the field energy of a point charge finite. The model is exactly…
Building on our previous work, we investigate the identification of the electromagnetic field as a local gauge field of a restricted group of synchrony transformations. We begin by arguing that the inability to measure the one-way speed of…
A class of states of the electromagnetic field involving superpositions of all the excited states above a specified low energy eigenstate of the electromagnetic field is introduced. These states and the photon-added coherent states are…
We consider a model of topological solitons where charged particles have finite mass and the electric charge is quantised already at the classical level. In the electrodynamic limit, which physically corresponds to electrodynamics of…
The free electromagnetic field, solution of Maxwell's equations and carrier of energy, momentum and spin, is construed as an emergent collective property of an ensemble of photons, and with this, the consistency of an interpretation that…
The problem of defining work done on electromagnetic field (EMF) via moving charges does not have a ready solution, because the standard Hamiltonian of EMF does not predict gauge-invariant energy changes. This limits applications of…
Quantum optics is a field of research based on the quantum theory of light. Here, we show that the classical theory of light can be equally effective in explaining a cornerstone of quantum optics: the quantization of the free radiation…
It is commonly agreed that the electromagnetic vacuum is not empty but filled with virtual photons. This leads to effects like Lamb shift and spontaneous emission. Here we argue that if the vacuum has virtual photons it might mean that it…
The symmetry studies of Maxwell equations gave new insight on the nature of electromagnetic (EM) field. It has in general case quaternion single structure, consisting of four independent field constituents, which differ with each other by…